birds

"Everyone likes birds. What wild creature is more accessible to our eyes and ears, as close to us and everyone in the world, as universal as a bird?"
- David Attenborough

introduction

Birds are animals with very lightweight skeletons, toothless beaks, and feathers. They are warm-blooded, and lay eggs instead of giving live birth to young. Birds have a large size range depending on the species, from 2.2 inches to 9 feet tall. This group constitutes the only living dinosaurs on the planet today, and their closest living relatives are Crocodiles. Birds are social animals, sometimes living in large groups, and commonly communicate with one another using calls and chirps. The noises that birds make are a welcome addition to any landscape; bird calls have the ability to create a sense of peace and calm in the garden.

Bringing Birds Into the Garden

Birds are some of the most important members of a biodiverse ecosystem, eating and transporting seeds, taking care of insect infestations, keeping the ground clean of berries and other fruits, and adding to soil nutrition. They are also animals that are are among the most affected by human activity, but they have found some ways to coexist with us in our urban landscapes. The number of bird species in an area decreases when urbanization increases, but that does not mean that we can't help to bring these friendly, helpful garden inhabitants back into our landscape. Luckily, there are more than a few ways that home gardeners can bring the birds back in.
Provide Water Year-Round
Water is an essential part of a bird's habitat, especially in urban landscapes. Clean, cool water is hard to come by in areas that are commonly paved over and can mean the difference between life and death for a small songbird in summertime. Water should be changed out every two or three days. Bird baths or other water sources should be kept at least 10 feet away from shrubs that could shelter potential predators.
Baths are bird magnets.
Hummingbirds tend to prefer bird baths with bubblers.
Birds need baths for cleaning as well as drinking.
Bird baths can really be made from anything.
Install Native Plants
Choose native plants that support diverse insect species. The National Audubon Society and other groups have been warning for decades that North American songbird populations are in steep decline and habitat loss is a primary culprit. Here's a pop quiz: What do 96 percent of bird species in North America (not counting water birds) feed their offspring? Hint: It's not seeds, not berries and not earthworms. The answer? Bugs. Insects and arthropods (spiders and related species) provide the rich source of protein that young birds need for rapid and healthy growth. Without a steady supply of bugs, the vast majority of our beloved songbirds would vanish. In fact, many of them already have. In addition to insects, native shrubs also provide nectar and berries for birds. Choose native plants that provide myriad food sources, and the birds will be drawn in naturally.
Keep It Messy
​Birds love a natural-looking landscape, with plenty of places to hide, search, and hunt for insects. Leaving logs and dead wood around gives their prey places to set up shop, and even leaving dead standing trees in the outer reaches of the garden (away from areas where a fall could cause damage or injury) can provide birds with places to rest and nest.

bird species List

The California Bird Records Committee (CBRC) keeps track of bird sightings in California. Of their list of 681 total California bird species, those below are ones that are most commonly sighted.
Ducks, Geese, and Waterfowl
Snow Goose
Anser caerulescens
Ross's Goose
Anser Rossii
Greater White-Fronted Goose
​Anser albifrons
Brant
Branta bernicla
Cackling Goose
​Branta hutchinsii
Canada Goose
​Branta canadensis
Trumpeter Swan
​Cygnus buccinator
Tundra Swan
​Cygnus columbianus
Wood Duck
Aix sponsa
Blue-Winged Teal
Spatula discors
Cinnamon Teal
​Spatula cyanoptera
Northern Shoveler
Spatula clypeata
Gadwall
​Mareca strepera
Eurasian Wigeon
Mareca penelope
American Wigeon
​Mareca americana
Mallard
​Anas platyrhynchos
Northern Pintail
​Anas acuta
Green-Winged Teal
​Anas crecca
Canvasback
​Aythya valisineria
Redhead
​Aythya americana
Ring-Necked Duck
​Aythya collaris
Tufted Duck
​Aythya fuligula
Greater Scaup
​Aythya marila
Lesser Scaup
​Aythya affinis
Harlequin Duck
​Histrionicus histrionicus
Surf Scoter
Melanitta perspicillata
White-Winged Scooter
​Melanitta deglandi
Black Scoter
​Melanitta americana
Long-Tailed Duck
Clangula hyemalis
Bufflehead
Bucephala albeola
Common Goldeneye
Bucephala clangula
Barrow's Goldeneye
​Bucephala islandica
Hooded Merganser
Lophodytes cucullatus
Common Merganser
​Mergus merganser
Red-Breasted Merganser
​Mergus serrator
Ruddy Duck
​Oxyura jamaicensis
New World Quail
Mountain Quail
​Oreortyx pictus
California Quail
Callipepla californica
Gambel's Quail
Callipepla gambelii
Pheasants, Grouse, and Allies
Wild Turkey
Meleagris gallopavo
Ruffed Grouse
​Bonasa umbellus
White-Tailed Ptarmigan
​Lagopus leucurus
Sooty Grouse
​Dendragapus fuliginosus
Greater Sage-Grouse
​Centrocercus urophasianus
Ring-Necked Pheasant
​Phasianus colchicus
Chukar
Alectoris chukar
Grebes
Pied-Billed Grebe
​Podilymbus podiceps
Horned Grebe
​Podiceps auritus
Red-Necked Grebe
​Podiceps grisegena
Eared Grebe
Podiceps nigricolis
Western Grebe
Aechmorphorus occidentalis
Clark's Grebe
​Aechmophorus clarkii
Pigeons and Doves
Rock Pigeon
​Columba livia
Band-Tailed Pigeon
​Patagioenas fasciata
Eurasian Collared Dove
Streptopelia decaocto
Spotted Dove
​Spilopelia chinensis
Inca Dove
​Columbina inca
Common Ground Dove
​Dolumbina passerina
White-Winged Dove
​Zenaida asiatica
Mourning Dove
Zenaida macroura
Cuckoos
Greater Roadrunner
​Geococcyx californianus
Yellow-Billed Cuckoo
​Coccyzus americanus
Nightjars and Allies
Lesser Nighthawk
​Chordeiles acutipennis
Common Nighthawk
​Chordeiles minor
Common Poorwill
Phalaenoptilus nuttallii
Mexican Whip-Poor-Will
Antrostomus arizonae
Swifts
Black Swift
​Cypseloides niger
Chimney Swift
Chaetura pelagica
Vaux's Swift
​Chaetura vauxi
White-Throated Swift
​Aeronautes saxatalis
Hummingbirds
Black-Chinned Hummingbird
​Archilochus alexandri
Anna's Hummingbird
Calypte anna
Costa's Hummingbird
​Calypte costae
Calliope Hummingbird
Selasphorus calliope
Rails, Gallinules, and Coots
Ridgway's Rail
Rallus obsoletus
Virginia Rail
​Rallus limicola
Sora
​Porzana carolina
Common Gallinule
​Gallinula galeata
American Coot
​Fulica americana
Yellow Rail
Coturnicops noveboracensis
Black Rail
​Laterallus jamaicensis
Cranes
Demoiselle Crane
​Anthropoides virgo
Sandhill Crane
​Antigone canadensis
Stilts and Avocets
Black-Necked Stilt
​Himantopus mexicanus
American Avocet
​Recurvirostra americana
Oystercatchers
American Oystercatcher
​Haematopus palliatus
Black Oystercatcher
​Haematopus bachmani
Plovers and Lapwings
Black-Bellied Plovers
​Pluvialis squatarola
American Golden-Plover
​Pluvialis dominica
Pacific Golden-Plover
Pluvialis fulva
Killdeer
​Charadrius vociferus
Semipalmated Plover
​Charadrius semipalmatus
Snowy Plover
​Charadrius nivosus
Mountain Plover
Charadrius montanus
Sandpipers and Allies
Whimbrel
​Numenius phaeopus
Long-Billed Curlew
​Numenius americanus
Marbled Godwit
​Limosa fedoa
Ruddy Turnstone
​Arenaria interpres
Black Turnstone
​Arenaria melanocephala
Red Knot
​Calidris canutus
Surfbird
Calidris virgata
Ruff
​Calidris pugnax
Sharp-Tailed Sandpaper
​Calidris acuminata
Stilt Sandpiper
​Calidris himantopus
Sanderling
​Calidris alba
Dunlin
Calidris alpina
Rock Sandpiper
​Calidris ptilocnemis
Baird's Sandpaper
​Calidris bairdii
Least Sandpiper
​Calidris minutilla
Buff-Breasted Sandpiper
​Calidris ruficollis
Pectoral Sandpiper
​Calidris melanotos
Semipalmated Sandpaper
​Calidris pusilla
Western Sandpiper
​Calidris mauri
Short-Billed Dowitcher
​Limnodromus griseus
Long-Billed Dowitcher
​Limnodromus scolopaceus
Wilson's Snipe
​Gallinago delicata
Spotted Sandpiper
Actitis macularia
Solitary Sandpiper
​Tringa solitaria
Wandering Tattler
​Tringa incana
Lesser Yellowlegs
​Tringa flavipes
Willet
​Tringa semipalmata
Greater Yellowlegs
​Tringa melanoleuca
Wilson's Phalarope
​Phalaropus tricolor
Red-Necked Phalarope
​Phalaropus lobatus
Red Phalarope
Phalaropus fulicarius
Skuas and Jaegers
South Polar Skua
Stercorarius maccormicki
Pomarine Jaeger
​Stercorarius pornarinus
Parasitic Jaeger
​Stercorarius parasiticus
Long-Tailed Jaeger
Stercorarius longicaudus
Auks, Murres, and Puffins
Common Murre
Uria aalge
Pigeon Guillemot
​Cepphus columba
Marbled Murrelet
​Brachyramphus marmoratus
Scripp's Murrelet
​Synthliboramphus scrippsi
Guadalupe Murrelet
​Synthliboramphus hypoleucus
Craveri's Murrelet
Synthliboramphus craveri
Ancient Murrelet
​Synthliboramphus antiquus
Cassin's Auklet
Ptychoramphus aleuticus
Parakeet Auklet
​Aethia psittacula
Rhinoceros Auklet
Cerorhinca monocerata
Horned Puffin
​Fratercula corniculata
Tufted Puffin
​Fratercula cirrhata
Gulls, Terms, and Skimmers
Black-Legged Kittiwake
Rissa tridactyla
Sabine's Gull
​Xema sabini
Bonaparte's Gull
​Chroicocephalus philadelphia
Little Gull
​Hydrocoloeus minutus
Laughing Gull
​Leucophaeus atricilla
Franklin's Gull
​Leucophaeus pipixan
Heermann's Gull
​Larus heermanni
Short-Billed Gull
​Larus brachyrhynchus
Ring-Billed Gull
Larus delawarensis
Western Gull
​Larus occidentalis
Yellow-Footed Gull
​Larus livens
California Gull
​Larus californicus
Herring Gull
​Larus argentatus
Iceland Gull
​Larus glaucoides
Lesser Black-Backed Gull
​Larus fuscus
Glaucous-Winged Gull
​Larus glaucescens
Glaucus Gull
​Larus hyperboreus
Least Tern
​Sternula antillarum
Gull-Billed Tern
​Gelochelidon nilotica
Caspian Tern
​Hydroprogne caspia
Black Tern
​Chlidonias niger
Common Tern
​Sterna hirunda
Arctic Tern
​Sterna paradisaea
Forster's Tern
​Sterna forsteri
Royal Tern
​Thalasseus maximus
Elegant Tern
​Thalasseus elegans
Black Skimmer
​Rynchops niger
Tropicbirds
Red-Billed Tropicbird
​Phaethon aethereus
Loons
Red-Throated Loon
​Gavia stellata
Pacific Loon
Gavia pacifica
Common Loon
​Gavia immer
Albatrosses
Laysan Albatross
​Phoebastria immutabilis
Black-Footed Albatross
​Phoebastria nigripes
Storm-Petrels
Wilson's Storm-Petrel
​Oceanites oceanicus
Fork-Tailed Storm-Petrel
Hydrobates furcatus
Leach's Storm-Petrel
​Hydrobates leucorhous
Townsend's Storm-Petrel
Hydrobates socorroensis
Ashy Storm-Petrel
​Hydrobates homochroa
Black Storm-Petrel
​Hydrobates melania
Least Storm-Petrel
​Hydrobates microsoma
Shearwaters and Petrels
Northern Fulmar
​Fulmarus glacialis
Murphy's Petrel
​Pterodroma ultima
Mottled Petrel
​Pterodroma inexpectata
Hawaiian Petrel
Pterodroma sandwichensis
Cook's Petrel
Pterodroma cookii
Buller's Shearwater
​Ardenna bulleri
Short-Tailed Shearwater
Ardenna tenuirostris
Sooty Shearwater
​Ardenna griseus
Pink-Footed Shearwater
​Ardenna creatopus
Flesh-Footed Shearwater
​Ardenna carneipes
Black-Vented Shearwater
Puffinus opisthomelas
Frigatebirds, Boobies, and Gannets
Magnificent Frigatebird
​Fregata magnificens
Nazca Booby
Sula granti
Blue-Footed Booby
​Sula nebouxii
Brown Booby
​Sula leucogaster
Cormorants and Shags
Brandt's Cormorant
​Urile penicillatus
Pelagic Cormorant
Urile pelagicus
Double-Crested Cormorant
Nannopterum auritum
Neotropic Cormorant
​Nannopterum brasilianum
Pelicans, Herons, Egrets, Bitterns, and Ibises
American White Pelican
​Pelecanus erythrorhynchos
Brown Pelican
​Pelecanus occidentalis
American Bittern
​Botaurus lentiginosus
Least Bittern
​Ixobrychus exilis
Great Blue Heron
​Ardea herodias
Great Egret
Ardea alba
Snowy Egret
​Egretta thula
Little Blue Heron
​Egretta caerulea
Reddish Egret
​Egretta rufescens
Cattle Egret
​Bubulcus ibis
Green Heron
Butorides virescens
Black-Crowned Night-Heron
​Nycticorax nycticorax
Yellow-Crowned Night-Heron
​Nyctanassa violacea
White-Faced Ibis
​Plegadis chihi
Vultures, Osprey, Hawks, Eagles, and Kites
California Condor
​Gymnogyps californianus
Turkey Vulture
​Cathartes aura
Osprey
​Pandion haliaetus
White-Tailed Kite
Elanus leucurus
Golden Eagle
Aquila chrysaetos
Northern Harrier
​Circus hudsonius
Sharp-Shinned Hawk
​Accipiter striatus
Cooper's Hawk
​Accipiter cooperii
American Goshawk
Accipiter atricapillus
Bald Eagle
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
Harris's Hawk
Parabuteo unicinctus
Red-Shouldered Hawk
​Buteo lineatus
Broad-Winged Hawk
​Buteo platypterus
Swainson's Hawk
​Buteo swainsoni
Zone-Tailed Hawk
Buteo albonotatus
Red-Tailed Hawk
​Buteo jamaicensis
Rough-Legged Hawk
​Buteo lagopus
Ferruginous Hawk
​Buteo regalis
Owls
Barn Owl
Tyto alba
Flammulated Owl
Psiloscops flammeolus
Western Screech Owl
Megascops kennicottii
Great Horned Owl
​Bubo virginianus
Northern Pygmy-Owl
Glaucidium gnoma
Burrowing Owl
​Athene cunicularia
Spotted Owl
​Strix occidentalis
Barred Owl
​Strix varia
Great Gray Owl
​Strix nebulosa
Long-Eared Owl
​Asio otus
Short-Eared Owl
​Asio flammeus
Northern Saw-Whet Owl
​Aegolius acadicus
Kingfishers and Woodpeckers
Belted Kingfisher
​Megaceryle alcyon
Lewis's Woodpecker
​Melanerpes lewis
Acorn Woodpecker
​Melanerpes formicivorus
Gila Woodpecker
Melanerpes uropygialis
Williamson's Sapsucker
​Sphyrapicus thyroideus
Yellow-Bellied Sapsucker
Sphyrapicus varius
Red-Naped Sapsucker
Sphyrapicus nuchalis
Red-Breasted Sapsucker
​Sphyrapicus ruber
Black-Backed Woodpecker
​Picoides articus
Downy Woodpecker
​Dryobates pubescens
Nuttall's Woodpecker
​Dryobates nuttallii
Hairy Woodpecker
Dryobates villosus
White-Headed Woodpecker
​Dryobates albolarvatus
Northern Flicker
​Colaptes auratus
Gilded Flicker
​Colaptes chrysoides
Pileated Woodpecker
​Dryocopus pileatus
Falcons and Caracaras
American Kestrel
​Falco sparverius
Merlin
​Falco columbarius
Peregrine Falcon
​Falco peregrinus
Prairie Falcon
Falco mexicanus
New World and African Parrots
Yellow-Chevroned Parakeet
​Brotogeris chiriri
Red-Crowned Parrot
​Amazona viridigenalis
Lilac-Crowned Parrot
​Amazona finschi
Nanday Parakeet
​Aratinga nenday
Mitred Parakeet
Psittacara mitratus
Red-Masked Parakeet
​Psittacara erythrogenys
Flycatchers
Dusky-Capped Flycatcher
​Myiarchus tuberculifer
Ash-Throated Flycatcher
​Myiarchus cinerascens
Brown-Crested Flycatcher
Myiarchus tyrannulus
Tropical Kingbird
​Tyrannus melancholicus
Cassin's Kingbird
Tyrannus vociferans
Western Kingbird
Tyrannus verticalis
Eastern Kingbird
Tyrannus tyrannus
Scissor-Tailed Flycatcher
​Tyrannus forficatus
Olive-Sided Flycatcher
​Contopus cooperi
Western Wood-Pewee
​Contopus sordidulus
Willow Flycatcher
​Empidonax traillii
Least Flycatcher
Empidonax minimus
Hammond's Flycatcher
​Empidonax hammondii
Gray Flycatcher
​Empidonax wrightii
Dusky Flycatcher
Empidonax oberholseri
Western Flycatcher
​Empidonax difficilis
Black Phoebe
​Sayornis nigricans
Eastern Phoebe
​Sayornis phoebe
Say's Phoebe
Sayornis saya
Vermillion Flycatcher
​Pyrocephalus rubinus
Gray Silky-Flycatcher
​Ptiliogonys cinereus
Phainopepla
​Phainopepla nitens
Shrikes, Vireos, and Erpornis
Bell's Vireo
​Vireo bellii
Gray Vireo
​Vireo vicinor
Hutton's Vireo
Vireo huttoni
Yellow-Throated Vireo
​Vireo flavifrons
Cassin's Vireo
​Vireo cassinii
Plumbeous Vireo
Vireo plumbeus
Philadelphia Vireo
​Vireo philadelphicus
Warbling Vireo
​Vireo gilvus
Red-Eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
Yellow-Green Vireo
Vireo flavoviridis
Loggerhead Shike
​Lanius ludovicianus
Northern Shrike
​Lanius borealis
Crows, Jays, and Magpies
Canada Jay
​Perisoreus canadensis
Pinyon Jay
​Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus
Steller's Jay
​Cyanocitta stelleri
Island Scrub-Jay
​Aphelocoma insularis
California Scrub Jay
Aphelocoma californica
Woodhouse's Scrub-Jay
​Aphelocoma woodhouseii
Clark's Nutcracker
​Nucifraga columbiana
Black-Billed Magpie
​Pica hudsonia
Yellow-Billed Magpie
Pica nuttalli
American Crow
​Corvus brachyrhynchos
Common Raven
​Corvus corax
Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice
Black-Capped Chickadee
​Poecile atricapilla
Mountain Chickadee
​Poecile gambeli
Chestnut-Backed Chickadee
​Poecile rufescens
Oak Titmouse
Baeolophus inornatus
Juniper Titmouse
Baeolophus ridgwayi
Bushtit
​Psaltriparus minimus
Swallows
Bank Swallow
​Riparia riparia
Tree Swallow
​Tachycineta bicolor
Violet-Green Swallow
​Tachycineta thalassina
Northern Rough-Winged Swallow
​Stelgidopteryx serripennis
Purple Martin
​Progne subis
Barn Swallow
​Hirundo rustica
Cliff Swallow
​Petrochelidon pyrrhonota
Bulbuls, Warblers, Kinglets, Waxwings, and Nuthatches
Red-Whiskered Bulbul
​Pycnonotus jocosus
Ruby-Crowned Kinglet
​Corthylio calendula
Golden-Crowned Kinglet
​Regulus satrapa
Bohemian Waxwing
​Bombycilla garrulus
Cedar Waxwing
Bombycilla cedrorum
Red-Breasted Nuthatch
​Sitta canadensis
White-Breasted Nuthatch
Sitta carolinensis
Pygmy Nuthatch
​Sitta pygmaea
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
Northern Waterthrush
​Parkesia noveboraensis
Black-and-White Warbler
​Mniotilta varia
Prothonotary Warbler
​Protonotaria citrea
Tennessee Warbler
Leiothlypis peregrina
Orange-Crowned Warbler
​Leiothlypis celata
Lucy's Warbler
​Leiothlypis luciae
Nashville Warbler
Leiothlypis ruficapilla
Virginia's Warbler
​Leiothlypis virginiae
MacGillivray's Warbler
Geothlypis tolmiei
Kentucky Warbler
​Geothlypis formosa
Common Yellowthroat
​Geothlypis trichas
Hooded Warbler
​Setophaga citrina
American Redstart
​Setophaga ruticilla
Northern Parula
​Setophaga americana
Magnolia Warbler
​Setophaga magnolia
Bay-Breasted Warbler
​Setophaga castanea
Blackburnian Warbler
Setophaga fusca
Yellow Warbler
​Setophaga petechia
Chestnut-Sided Warbler
​Setophaga pensylvanica
Blackpoll Warbler
​Setophaga striata
Black-Throated Blue Warbler
Setophaga caerulescens
Palm Warbler
Setophaga palmarum
Pine Warbler
​Setophaga pinus
Yellow-Rumped Warbler
​Setophaga coronata
Yellow-Throated Warbler
​Setophaga dominica
Prairie Warbler
​Setophaga discolor
Black-Throated Gray Warbler
Setophaga nigrescens
Townsend's Warbler
​Setophaga townsendi
Hermit Warbler
​Setophaga occidentalis
Black-Throated Green Warbler
Setophaga virens
Canada Warbler
Cardellina canadensis
Wilson's Warbler
​Cardellina pusilla
Painted Restart
Myioborus pictus
Treecreepers, Gnatcatchers, Wrens, Mockingbirds, and Thrashers
Brown Creeper
​Certhia americana
Blue-Gray Gnatcatcher
Polioptila caerulea
Black-Tailed Gnatcatcher
Polioptila melanura
California Gnatcatcher
​Polioptila californica
Rock Wren
​Salpinctes obsoletus
Canyon Wren
Catherpes mexicanus
House Wren
​Troglodytes aedon
Pacific Wren
​Troglodytes pacificus
Marsh Wren
​Cistothorus palustris
Bewick's Wren
Thryomanes bewickii
Cactus Wren
​Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus
Blue Mockingbird
​Melanotis caerulescens
Gray Catbird
​Dumetella carolinensis
Brown Thrasher
​Toxostoma rufum
Bendire's Thrasher
​Toxostoma bendirei
Gray Thrasher
​Toxostoma cinereum
California Thrasher
Toxostoma redivivum
LeConte's Thrasher
​Toxostoma lecontei
Crissal Thrasher
​Toxostoma crissale
Sage Thrasher
​Oreoscoptes montanus
Northern Mockingbird
​Minus polyglottos
Starlings, Dippers, Thrushes, and Allies
European Starling
​Sturnus vulgaris
American Dipper
Cinclus mexicanus
Western Bluebird
​Sialia mexicana
Mountain Bluebird
​Sialia currucoides
Townsend's Solitaire
Myadestes townsendi
Swainson's Thrush
​Catharus ustulatus
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
American Robin
​Turdus migratorius
Varied Thrush
​Ixoreus naevius
Scaly-Breasted Munia
Lonchura punctulata
Sparrows, Wagtails, and Pipits
House Sparrow
​Passer domesticus
Red-Throated Pipit
Anthus cervinus
American Pipit
​Anthus rubescens
Sprague's Pipit
​Anthus spragueii
Grasshopper Sparrow
​Ammodramus savannarum
Black-Throated Sparrow
​Amphispiza bilineata
Lark Sparrow
​Chondestes grammacus
Lark Bunting
​Calamospiza melanocorys
Chipping Sparrow
​Spizella passerina
Clay-Colored Sparrow
​Spizella pallida
Black-Chinned Sparrow
Spizella atrogularis
Brewer's Sparrow
​Spizella breweri
Fox Sparrow
​Passerella iliaca
American Tree Sparrow
​Spizelloides arborea
Dark-Eyed Junco
Junco hyemalis
White-Crowned Sparrow
​Zonotrichia leucophrys
Golden-Crowned Sparrow
​Zonotrichia atricapilla
Harris's Sparrow
​Zonotrichia querula
White-Throated Sparrow
​Zonotrichia albicollis
Sagebrush Sparrow
Artemisiospiza nevadensis
Bell's Sparrow
​Artemisiospiza belli
Vesper Sparrow
​Pooecetes gramineus
Nelson's Sparrow
​Ammospiza nelsoni
Savannah Sparrow
​Passerculus sandwichensis
Song Sparrow
​Melospiza melodia
Lincoln's Sparrow
Melospiza lincolnii
Swamp Sparrow
Melospiza georgiana
Albert's Towhee
​Melozone aberti
California Towhee
Melozone crissalis
Rufous-Crowned Sparrow
​Aimophila ruficeps
Green-Tailed Towhee
​Pipilo chlorurus
Spotted Towhee
​Pipilo maculatus
Finches, Euphonias, and Allies
Evening Grosbeak
​Coccothraustes vespertinus
Pine Grosbeak
​Pinicola enucleator
Gray-Crowned Rosy-Finch
​Leucosticte tephrocotis
House Finch
​Haemorhous mexicanus
Purple Finch
Haemorhous purpureus
Cassin's Finch
Haemorhous cassinii
Red Crossbill
​Loxia curvirostra
Pine Siskin
​Spinus pinus
Lesser Goldfinch
​Spinus psaltria
Lawrence's Goldfinch
​Spinus lawrencei
American Goldfinch
​Spinus tristis
Buntings, Longspurs, and Larks
Lapland Longspur
Calcarius lapponicus
Chestnut-Collared Longspur
Calcarius ornatus
Thick-Billed Longspur
​Rhynchophanes mccownii
Horned Lark
​Eremophila alpestris
Chats, Troupials, and Allies
Yellow-Breasted Chat
Icteria virens
Yellow-Headed Blackbird
Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus
Bobolink
​Dolichonyx oryzivorus
Orchard Oriole
​Icterus spurius
Hooded Oriole
​Icterus cucullatus
Bullock's Oriole
​Icterus bullockii
Baltimore Oriole
​Icterus galbula
Black-Backed Oriole
Icterus abeillei
Scott's Oriole
​Icterus parisorum
Red-Winged Blackbird
​Agelaius phoeniceus
Tricolored Blackbird
​Agelaius tricolor
Bronzed Cowbird
Molothrus aeneus
Brown-Headed Cowbird
​Molothrus ater
Rusty Blackbird
​Euphagus carolinus
Brewer's Blackbird
Euphagus cyanocephalus
Great-Tailed Grackle
​Quiscalus mexicanus
Cardinals and Allies
Hepatic tanager
​Piranga flava
Summer Tanager
Piranga rubra
Scarlet Tanager
​Piranga olivacea
Western Tanager
​Piranga ludoviciana
Northern Cardinal
Cardinalis cardinalis
Rose-Breasted Grosbeak
​Pheucticus ludovicianus
Black-Headed Grosbeak
​Pheucticus melanocephalus
Blue Grosbeak
​Passerina caerulea
Lazuli Bunting
​Passerina amoena
Indigo Bunting
​Passerina cyanea
Painted Bunting
​Passerina ciris
Dickcissel
​Spiza americana

Functional and Ecological Diversity of Urban Birds: Conservation and Redesign of Biocultural Landscapes