Salvia

( SAL - vee - uh )

At-A-Glance Information

This genus of flowering evergreen and deciduous shrubs and perennials is commonly called Sage, and includes species which need full sun and moderate to regular water to perform well in the garden. The flowers will attract pollinators to the landscape, including bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. These are drought-tolerant shrubs, native to the Americas, Europe, the Mediterranean, and Asia. Nearly all species of Sages have squared stems, and many produce aromatic foliage. Take care when planting these flowers in the landscape, as some species can cause intense reactions if ingested by humans or pets.

Salvia Species and Varietals

The genus Salvia includes 1,000 species and is the largest genus in the plant family Lamiaceae. The plants in this genus are closely related to those in Lepechinia (Pitcher Sage) and Melissa (Lemon Balm). The best growing zones for Sage are dependent on the species cultivated; for more information, see the descriptions below. To find your zone, click here: Zone Map.

Salvia apiana (California White Sage, Bee Sage, Sacred Sage, White Sage)
This is an evergreen shrub that does well in USDA hardiness zones 8-11 or Sunset growing zones 7-9, 11, and 13-24. It is native to Southern California down to Baja California, and reaches 3-5 feet tall and wide at maturity when in bloom. Foliage is wooly, silver-green and aromatic, and flowers are white with a blush of lavender. This plant is attractive at night, as both flowers and foliage reflect moonlight and garden lighting. To keep this species neat, shear lightly after flowers fade.

Salvia argentea (Silver Sage, Silver Salvia, Silver Clary, Hobbit's Foot)
This species does well in USDA hardiness zones 5-8 or Sunset growing zones 1-24 as a short-lived perennial. It is native to southern Europe and northwestern Africa. Leaves are silky and scalloped on the edges. Plants form rosettes 2 feet wide and in summertime produce 3 to 4 foot tall stems bearing hooded white flowers sometimes flushed with yellow-pink. These plants make handsome additions to the front of border gardens. Cultivars include 'Hobbit's Foot' (a foot-tall mound with furry basal leaves) and 'Artemis' (with exceptionally large velvety silver rosette leaves).

Salvia azurea grandiflora (Salvia pitcheri) (Prairie Sage, Pitcher Sage, Blue Sage, Azure Sage, Giant Blue Sage, Azure Blue Sage)
This species takes the form of a shrubby perennial, growing well in USDA hardiness zones 4-9 or Sunset growing zones 1-24. It is native from Colorado to Texas, eastward to Michigan and Georgia and produces slender, unbranched stems that reach 5 feet tall and form a clump 2-3 feet wide at maturity. This plant needs support, especially in areas that get windy. Leaves are medium to deep green and hairy, and flowers are pure blue and have a white blotch on their lower lip. Blooms appear from summertime through the first frost of the year. In wet winters, these plants may die and need replacing.

Salvia blepharophylla (Eyelash Sage, Eyelash-Leaved Sage, Eyelash-Leaf Sage, Purple-Leaf Sage)
Best in USDA hardiness zones 8-11 or Sunset growing zones 14-24, this shrubby perennial is native to northeastern Mexico, and spreads indefinitely by creeping rhizomes. Reaches 1.5-2 feet tall at maturity. Stems are thin, purplish and hairy (the hairs resembling eyelashes, hence the common names for the plant) and flowers are scarlet, blooming from springtime through to the first frost of the year. Makes a good groundcover in partially shaded areas.

Salvia brandegeei (Brandegee Sage, Baja Sage, Santa Rosa Island Sage)
This species of Sage takes the form of an evergreen shrub and grows well in USDA hardiness zones 7-10 or Sunset growing zones 15-17 and 19-24. It is native to Santa Rosa Island and the coastal areas of Baja California. It has a sprawling habit, reaching 4-5 feet tall and 5-7 feet wide. Leaves are scalloped and shiny, dark green on top and wooly white underneath. Flowers are pale lavender with greyish calyxes and bloom in early springtime. They make great additions to cut flower arrangements. This species is drought tolerant. Cultivar 'Pacific Blue' has dark lavender-blue blooms.

Salvia buchananii (Buchanan Sage, Fuchsia Sage, Purple Autumn Sage)
This shrubby perennial grows well in USDA hardiness zones 9-11 or Sunset growing zones 14-24 and is native to Mexico. It has a rounded growing habit to 1-2 feet tall and wide at maturity. Leaves are glossy and dark green, and flowers are magenta. Blooms are present mainly in summer and fall, and bloom sporadically throughout the rest of the year. Does not set seed and needs to be propagated from cuttings. Does well in pots.

Salvia cacaliifolia (Salvia cacaliaefolia) (Blue Vine Sage, Guatemalan Sage, Guatemalan Blue Sage, Guatemalan Leaf Sage, Cacalia Sage)
These plants are native to Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras and are herbaceous perennials that bloom from the middle of summer to fall. They are suited for USDA hardiness zones 8-11. Blossoms are pure gentian-blue. These plants grow from creeping rootstock that spreads easily in the landscape, forming clumps that are easily divided and replanted elsewhere. Grows well in temperate climates but cannot stand frost.

Salvia candelabrum (Candelabrum Sage, Candelabra Sage, Candelabra Spanish Sage)
These woody-based perennials are native to the south of Spain, and reach up to 40 inches tall when mature and in bloom. Foliage is wooly and greyish-green, and flowers are violet-blue, held high above foliage in summer and fall. Candelabrum Sage is suited for growing in USDA hardiness zones 8-10 and is native to southern Spain.

Salvia chamaedryoides (Germander Sage, Mexican Blue Sage, Blue Oak Sage)
This species of Salvia is a perennial and grows well in USDA hardiness zones 7-10 or Sunset growing zones 8, 9, 12, and 14-24. It is native to northeastern and central Mexico and forms a rounded plant 1 to 2 feet tall and 2 to 3 feet wide, spreading via underground runners. Leaves are silvery green and flowers are a brilliant true blue, appearing in late spring and fall. Deadhead to encourage rebloom. Drought tolerant, but will bloom more profusely and over a longer period if given moderate water.

Salvia chiapensis (Chiapas Sage, Lipstick Sage, Garnet Sage)
This perennial species grows well in USDA hardiness zones 8-11 or Sunset growing zones 15, 17, 23 and 24 and is native to forested areas of Chiapas, Mexico. Plants reach up to 2 feet tall and 3 to 4 feet or more wide. Leaves are glossy and dark green and flowers are dee hot pink, blooming from early summer through winter. Will reseed freely. Great with moderate water, and likes to have wet foliage. Makes a handsome groundcover in dry shaded areas and is wonderful in containers. Needs partial shade in warmer climates to thrive.

Salvia clevelandii (Cleveland Sage, California Blue Sage, Fragrant Sage, Blue Sage, Jim Sage, Musk Sage)
This species is great in USDA hardiness zones 8-10 or Sunset growing zones 8, 9, and 12-24, forming an evergreen shrub 3 to 5 feet tall and 5 to 8 feet wide at maturity. It is hardy to 20 degrees Fahrenheit and is native to Southern California and northern Baja California. It has a rounded, arching habit and wrinkled, fragrant, greyish green leaves. Foliage can be used to make teas and added to potpourri mixes. Flowers are lavender to violet-blue and appear in early summer. Deadhead to encourage rebloom. Cultivars include 'Winnifred Gilman' (3 feet tall and wide, with dark red stems and calyxes and dark violet-blue flowers), 'Allen Chickering' (bright lavender-blue flowers), and 'Aromas' (darker blue flowers).

Salvia coahullensis (Coahuila Sage, Saltillo Sage)
This shrubby perennial grows well in USDA hardiness zones 8-10 or Sunset growing zones 8, 9, and 12-24 and is native to the mountains of Coahuila, Mexico. It reaches 2.5 feet tall and just as wide at maturity. Upward-sweeping woody branches are clothed in olive-green leaves and hold deep violet flowers that bloom heaviest in summer and fall. In wintertime, shear to 8 inches tall. Needs moderate water to perform well.

Salvia coccinea (Tropical Sage, Scarlet Sage, Blood Sage, Red Sage)
This short-lived perennial is great in USDA hardiness zones 8-11 or Sunset growing zones 12-24, H1 and H2, and is grown as an annual in all zones. It is native to Mexico, and has a bushy upright habit to 2-3 feet tall and a little less wide. Leaves are dark green, hairy and heart-shaped. In summer, flowers (with a larger lower lip) bloom in a variety of colors, including red, orange, pink and white; flowers can be bicolored or single colored. These are used as bedding plants and fillers for border gardens. Shelter this species from wind as the stems are brittle. Deadhead to encourage a repeat bloom. Fertilize when new spring growth begins. Cut back to 4-6 inches if the plant survives winter; and then remove after the second year. Reseeds. Popular varieties include 'Lady in Red' (scarlet blooms), 'Spanish Dancer' (scarlet flowers), 'Brenthurst' (also called 'Lady in Pink', with salmon flowers), 'Coral Nymph' (white blooms with coral lower lip), and 'Snow Nymph' (with pure white flowers).

Salvia columbariae (Wild Chia, Chia Sage, Golden Chia, Desert Chia, Pashiiy, It'epes, Ziegler's Sage)
These annual plants are native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, and produce edible seeds. Individual plants reach up to 20 inches tall, and leaves are divided and grey-green. Flowers are borne on upright spikes and are pale blue to violet in color. This species is suited for growing in USDA hardiness zones 7a-10b and are typically ready for harvesting 90 days after planting, typically in spring through early summer.

Salvia confertiflora (Sabra Spike Sage, Red Velvet Sage, Harvest Sage)
This perennial species is best in USDA hardiness zones 8-11 or Sunset growing zones 16, 17 and 22-24, and is native to Brazil. Reaches 4-6 feet tall and wide, with dark green leaves that have a yellow tinge. Foliage has an unpleasant smell when bruised or crushed. Flowering stems and calyx tubes are clothed in reddish brown velvet, and flowers are dark orange. Blooms appear in autumn, and will continue through winter if climate is mild. May need staking and shelter from wind to stay upright. Not frost-hardy.

Salvia corrugata (Corrugated Sage, Ribbed Sage)
This evergreen shrub grows well in zones 14-24 and is from the higher elevation areas in South America. It has a dense, upright habit to 5-6 feet tall and wide. Leaves are quilted (deeply puckered), dark green on top and hairy underneath. Spikes of deep blue flowers appear in summertime through fall. Great companions for roses or in shrub borders; also wonderful in pots. Give deep irrigation weekly through blooming season.

Salvia darcyi (Darcy Sage, Galeana Red Sage, Galeana Sage, Mexican Red Sage)
Perennial that is best in USDA hardiness zones 6-10 or Sunset growing zones 8, 9, 12, and 14-24; native to northeastern Mexico. Reaches 3-4 feet tall and 3 feet or wider (spreads by rhizomes). Leaves are light green and soft, and flowers are coral-red, blooming early summer through to late fall. Stems are brittle and need shelter from wind. Protect this species from slugs and snails. Will die back to the ground in winter, and can tolerate partial shade conditions.

Salvia divinorum (Ska María Pastora, Seer's Sage, Yerba de la Pastora, Magic Mint, Sage of the Diviners, Sally-D)
These plants are native to Oaxaca, Mexico, where they are used locally in religious ceremonies. It has psychoactive properties, and is typically smoked, chewed, or ingested as tea. Foliage is green and flowers are white with light purple bracts. Magic Mint is suited for growing in USDA hardiness zones 10-11. Check with local authorities before planting and cultivation, as this species is illegal in certain regions.

Salvia elegans (Pineapple Sage, Tangerine Sage, Pineapple-Scented Sage)
Best in USDA hardiness zones 8-11 or Sunset growing zones 5-24 and native to Mexico and Guatemala, this species varies in habit, flowering season, and leaf fragrance. Choice garden varieties are listed and described below.

'Scarlet Pineapple'
3-4 feet tall and wide with brittle stems. Leaves are green, hairy, and smell of Pineapple. Scarlet flowers.

'Frieda Dixon'
With pink-red flowers and green foliage.

'Golden Delicious'
1-3 feet tall with yellow-green eye-catching foliage and red flowers. Blooms over a long period.

'Honey Melon Sage'
1.5-2 feet tall with a rapid spreading habit. Red blooms in early summer through fall. Leaves smell of Honeydew.

'Tangerine'
('Scarlet Tangerine')
3 feet tall and wide, with scarlet flowers.

Salvia farinacea (Mealycup Sage, Texas Violet, Mealy Sage, Blue Sage, Blue Salvia)
This perennial is great in USDA hardiness zones 8-10 or Sunset growing zones 7-10, 12-24, H1 and H2, and is grown as an annual elsewhere. It is native to southern New Mexico, Texas and Mexico, reaching up to three to four feet tall and half as wide at maturity. Leaves are green above and woolly-white underneath. Flowers range in color from dark purple to white. Cultivars bloom more heavily than the straight species, and are listed and described below:

'Blue Frost'
1-2 feet tall and 1 foot wide, with white-marked blue flowers.

'Evolution'
20 inches tall, 14 inches wide, with purple flowers.

'Saga Blue'
10 inches tall and wide, with blue flowers.

'Texas Violet'
4 feet tall, 2 feet wide, with grape-scented deep blue flowers with white sepals.

Salvia (Greek Sage, Greek Oregano)
These perennial subshrubs are native to the eastern Mediterranean, and reach up to 2 feet tall and wide with flower stalks rising at least a foot above green foliage. Blooms are light pink-mauve to lavender and have red calyces. Greek Sage grows well in USDA hardiness zones 9-11.

Salvia fulgens (Cardinal Sage, Mexican Scarlet Sage, Mexican Red Sage, Fiery Salvia)
These woodland subshrubs prefer climates that have a lot of rain and humidity, and typically reach up to 40 inches tall and a little less wide. They produce green hear-shaped foliage and bright cardinal red flowers with reddish-brown calyces. Cardinal Sage is suited for growing in USDA hardiness zones 9-11.

Salvia greggii (Autumn Sage, Cherry Sage, Cherry Salvia, Red Chihuahuan Sage, Texas Sage)
This species grows well in USDA hardiness zones 6-9 or Sunset growing zones 8-24 and dies to the ground in the coolest winters but will come back strong in the next growing season. Native to southwest Texas and northern-central Mexico, this species reaches 1-4 feet tall and wide, with a rounded habit. Leaves are glossy green and flowers bloom from summer through fall in shades of purple, red, pink and white. Prune and remove dead flower stems frequently to neaten appearance. Before new spring growth begins, shorten and shape plants. Great as a low hedge. Drought-tolerant but does best with moderate water, and needs full sun to partial shade.

Salvia guaranitica (Salvia ambigens) (Anise-Scented Sage, Hummingbird Sage, Blue Anise Sage, Brazilian Sage, Sapphire Sage, Black and Blue Sage)
This species is a perennial in USDA hardiness zones 7-10 or Sunset growing zones 8, 9, and 14-24 and is grown as an annual elsewhere. Native to South America, this plant reaches 4-5 feet tall and almost as wide. Spreads by underground runners. Mint-green leaves smell of Licorice and cobalt flowers bloom in early summer through the first frost. Needs support and is great as a container plant. Tolerates partial shade especially in warm climates. Cultivars of this species include 'Argentine Skies' (with light blue flowers to 3-4 feet), 'Black and Blue' (deep blue flowers with dark calyxes), 'Black and Bloom' (pictured; improved 'Black and Blue' with thicker, compact growth habit), 'Blue Enigma' (with royal blue flowers) and 'Purple Majesty' (with rich purple calyces and corollas).

Salvia hispanica (Chia, Chiaseed Plant, Chia Sage)
These annual plants are cultivated for their edible seeds, and reach up to almost 6 feet tall when in bloom. They are native to southern Mexico and Guatemala and are suited for growing in USDA hardiness zones 9-12. Flowers are purple to white, and seeds are mottled with various shades of brown, white, gray and black. The cultivated seeds are typically ready to be harvested 90 to 120 days after sowing. These plants are also used as a microgreen, harvested in their seedling stage 5 to 9 days after sowing. This species is considered invasive in Europe and Florida (United States).

Salvia spp. Hybrids (Hybrid Salvia, Hybrid Sage, Garden Sage, Ornamental Sage, Salvia Interspecific Hybrids)
These plants have been created by crossing species of Salvia, and were bred for their size, flower color,

'Alegría' Group
Also called Joy Sage, to 30-40 in. tall. Flowers in pink and burgundy.

'Anthony Parker'
Rich purple-indigo blooms in loose spikes. To 3-5 feet.

'Bee's Bliss'
Groundcover to 1.5 feet tall and 4-6 feet wide. Grey-green foliage and lavender-blue flowers are lavender-blue.

'Big Swing'
To 3-4 feet tall with true blue flowers. Good cut flower.

'Blue Butterflies'
Electric blue flowers resemble tiny wings. To 2-3 feet tall.

'Blue Butterfly'
Silvery leaves and upright spikes of whorled lavender to violet flowers. To 4 feet tall and 5 feet wide.

'Byron Flint'
To 6 feet tall and 5 feet wide, with dark violet blooms.

'Calamity Jane'
Fragrant shrub to 4 feet tall with light lavender blossoms.

'Costa Rica Blue'
To 8 feet tall and wide. Leaves are green and hairy, and flowers are brilliant true blue.

'Indigo Spires'
6-10 feet wide with a sprawling habit. Leaves are greyish above, white and soft underneath. Flowers are violet-blue. Good cut flower.

'Dara's Choice'
To 2-3 feet high and 3-6 feet wide and roots where stems touch ground. Flowers are violet blue. Good groundcover.

'Dark Dancer'
To 3 feet tall and wide, with raspberry-colored flowers and green leaves.

'Wendy's Wish'
To 4 feet tall and 3 feet wide, with dark green leaves and purple-red flowers that pop out of pink/brown calyces.

Salvia involucrata (Roseleaf Sage, Rosebud Salvia, Rosy-Leaf Sage)
This species is native to Mexico, where it grows along forest edges. Plants reach up to 5 feet tall before they start blooming in late summer. Leaves are green and typically flushed with reddish tones. Cultivars include 'Bethellii' (rose-pink bracts and deep pink flowers), 'Boutin' (large shrub with rich purple tones and profuse flowers), 'Mulberry Jam' (with dusky magenta bracts and bright pink blooms), and 'Rosebud' (with 6-foot tall flower spikes). Best in USDA ones 8-11.

Salvia x jamensis (Jamé Sage, Autumn Sage)
This species is an evergreen shrub and grows well in USDA hardiness zones 7-10 or Sunset growing zones 8-24. They are native to Mexico and generally top out around 3 feet tall and will root where they touch soil, spreading indefinitely. Flowers come in many solid and bicolor designs including violet, wine, orange-red, hot pink, coral, salmon, yellow and white. Best in moderate climates and can tolerate drought, but prefers moderate water for best performance in the landscape. Cultivars and hybrids of this species are listed and described below:

'Blackberry Ripple'
Deep purple flowers on a 24-30 in. tall plant.

'California Sunset'
Light orange flowers. To 2-3 feet tall and 3-4 feet wide.

'Cherry Lips'
Bicolored white and cherry red flowers; similar to 'Hot Lips'. 2-3 feet tall.

'Cienega de Oro'
With creamy yellow flowers. 1.5-2 feet tall and 2-3 feet wide.

'Heatwave Glimmer'
Soft pastel to cream-white blooms. 2-3 feet tall and wide.

'Hot Lips'
Bicolored red and white flowers. To 2-3 feet.

'Love and Wishes'
Red-purple blooms on dark burgundy stems. To 3-4 feet tall and 3 feet wide.

'Maraschino'
Intense cherry-red blooms on a compact plant. To 30 in. tall.

'Nachtvlinder'
Deep violet flowers with a pleasant scent. To 2 feet tall and wide.

'Raspberry Royale'
Deep raspberry-pink blooms on upright stems.

'San Isidro Moon'
Horizontal, open habit to 2 feet tall and twice as wide, with two-tone flowers in shades of light orange and peach.

'Sierra de San Antonio'
Flowers are light peach with pastel yellow lips. 1.5-2 feet tall and 2-3 feet wide.

Salvia leucantha (Mexican Bush Sage, Velvet Sage, Mexican Sage, Velvet Sage)
This evergreen shrub grows well in USDA hardiness zones 8-10 or Sunset growing zones 12-24, H1 and H2 and is native to Mexico. It reaches 3-4 feet tall and 3-6 feet or wider at maturity. Leaves are dark grey-green and flowers are white with purple calyces. Limit watering to every 2-3 weeks and remove blossoms as soon as they fade in summertime. Cultivars of this species include 'Midnight' (with dark purple flowers), 'Santa Barbara' (to 2.5 feet tall and 3-4 feet wide with lavender blooms), 'Danielle's Dream' (with soft pink flowers), 'White Velour' (with pure white blooms), and 'All Purple' (with rich purple calyces and flowers). This species is hardy to about 25 degrees Fahrenheit.

Salvia mexicana (Mexican Sage, Big Blue Mexican Sage, Limelight Mexican Sage, Velvet Sage)
This species takes the form of a shrubby perennial and is best in USDA hardiness zones 8-11 or Sunset growing zones 9, 14-17 and 19-24. It is native to central Mexico and reaches 10 feet tall and 3-5 feet wide at maturity. Leaves are medium green and smooth on top, fuzzy and grey-green underneath. Foliage has a pine fragrance. Flowers are dark blue to violet with reddish-purple calyces. Flowers pop from early fall through the first frost. Remove flower stems and shape plant when blooms fade. Can tolerate shade, and is good under tall-branching trees. Cultivars are listed and described below:

'Limelight'
To 6 feet tall and 3 feet wide. With light green foliage and purple blossoms.

'Lollie Jackson' ('Lollie')
Grey-green leaves with rich purple-blue flowers. To 2-5 feet tall.

'Ocampo'
7-10 feet tall with green leaves and purple tubular flowers.

'Snowflake'
To 4-6.5 feet tall with pure white blossoms and green calyces.

'Tula'
To 6-7 feet tall with yellow calyces and purple flowers. Foliage is grey-green.

'Wildwood'
6-10 feet tall with violet flowers.

Salvia microphylla (Salvia grahamii, Salvia lemmonii, Salvia neurepia) (Baby Sage, Graham's Sage, Blackcurrant Sage)
This evergreen shrub does well in USDA hardiness zones 7-10 or Sunset growing zones 7-24 and is native to a region that spans from southern Arizona in the United States through southern Mexico. It needs full sun to partial shade and moderate water to perform well in the landscape. Cultivars and hybrids of this species are listed and described below:

'Alba'
With white flowers,

'Blush Pink'
With rich pink flowers.

'Belize Form'
5 feet tall, 8 feet wide, with bright green leaves and red flowers.

'Berzerkeley'
2 feet tall and 3-4 feet wide, with pink-red blossoms.

'Cerro Potosi'
This variety produces large, vibrant magenta blooms.

'Desert Blaze'
Bright red flowers with variegated yellow and green foliage.

'Hoja Grande'
Magenta-red flowers produced by plants with dark green leaves.

'Hot Lips'
Bicolored red and white flowers. To 2-3 feet.

'Kew Red'
Vigorous grower with vivid red flowers. To 4 feet tall.

'La Trinidad Pink'
With bright pink flowers.

'Maraschino'
Hybrid with Salvia greggii, reaches 3-4 feet tall and 6 feet wide with cherry-red flowers.

Salvia microphylla microphylla
To 3-4 feet tall. Dark green leaves. Rose-red flowers.

Salvia microphylla neurepia
3-5 feet tall and wide, with open-branching habit and brilliant red flowers that bloom over a long season.

'Plum Wine'
Purple pink flowers, 3-4 feet tall and 2.5-3.5 feet wide. Hybrid with Salvia greggii.

'Red Velvet'
Lustrous red flowers on dark stems.

'Ribambelle'
With profuse shows of salmon-pink flowers.

'Royal Bumble'
With large, deep crimson flowers on a bushy evergreen plant.

'San Carlos Festival'
2-3 feet tall and 4-6 feet wide, with pink flowers.

'Trebah'
Upright grower that produces light lilac to white flowers.

'Trelawney'
Upright plant with rose-pink flowers.

'Trelissick'
With upright stems of creamy white to pinkish flowers.

'Trenance'
Lilac-pink flowers on an upright plant.

'Trewithin'
An upright grower with green foliage and cerise flowers.

'Wild Watermelon'
Large pink flowers with darkger calyces.

Salvia miltiorrhiza (Red Sage, Redroot Sage, Chinese Sage, Danshen, Tan Shen, Red Ginseng, 丹參)
These plants are native to China and Japan, where they are highly valued in traditional medicine practices. The species is suited for growing in USDA hardiness zones 6-10 and forms a deciduous perennial plant with branching stems to just under 2 feet tall when mature. Foliage has hairs and sticky glands. Flowers grow in whorls on stems, and are light purple to lavender blue with dark calyces.

Salvia nemerosa (Woodland Sage, Balkan Clary, Blue Sage, Wild Sage, Meadow Sage, Violet Sage)
This perennial is best in USDA hardiness zones 4-8 or Sunset growing zones 2-10 and 14-24 and hails from eastern Europe and central Asia. Plants reach 1.5-3 feet tall and 2-3 feet wide, forming a rosette of wrinkly, dull green leaves. Flowers are violet, purple, pink or white. Blooms summer through fall if deadheaded regularly. Cultivars include 'Caradonna' (with violet blossoms), 'Rosenwein' (with rosey blooms), 'Ostfriesland' (also called 'East Friesland', with intense violet blooms), 'Marcus' (12 inches tall and 18 inches wide, with intense violet flowers), and 'Sensation Rose' (with pink flowers).

Salvia officinalis (Garden Sage, Common Sage, Culinary Sage, Sage)
This shrubby perennial is best in USDA hardiness zones 4-10 or Sunset growing zones 2-24, H1 and H2, and is native to the Mediterranean. Foliage is used for culinary and medicinal purposes, and individual plants reach up to 1 to 3 feet tall and 1 to 2.5 feet wide with stems that root at nodes. Leaves are grey-green on top, hairy underneath and flowers are lavender-blue. Replace plants every 3-4 years when they get leggy for best ornamental value. Give these subshrubs some afternoon shade in warmer climates. Commonly grown garden cultivars are listed and described below.

'Albiflora'
With white flowers, to 12-20 inches tall.

'Aurea' (Golden Sage)
Creamy gold variegation on foliage.

'Berggarten'
('Mountain Garden')
Compact variety to 16 inches tall; longer lived than the species.

'Compacta' (Dwarf Sage)
Mini version of the species, about half the size.

'Extrakta'
With high essential oil content in foliage.

'Icterina' (Golden Sage)
Grey-green leaves bordered with gold; does not bloom.

'Purpurascens' ('Red Sage')
Leaves are blushed with red and violet tones when new, and mature to greyish-green.

'Tricolor'
Greyish-green leaves have an irregular cream border, and new foliage has tones of purple and pink.

Salvia patens (Gentian Sage, Spreading Sage, Blue Sage)
This perennial is best in USDA hardiness zones 8-10 or Sunset growing zones 9, 14-24, H1 and H2 and hails from central Mexico. Grows 2-3 feet or more and 1-2 feet wide at maturity. Leaves are bright green and flowers are brilliant blue, peaking in early summertime. Deadhead to prolong bloom. Great in mixed plantings; this species needs partial shade in warmer climates. Cultivars include 'Cambridge Blue' (with sky-blue flowers), 'Blue Angel' (with rich true blue flowers), 'Oxford Blue' (with intense cobalt flowers), Guanajuato (to 3 feet tall with gentian flowers and strong branching stems), 'White Trophy' (with pure white flowers), and 'Pink Ice' (with pale pink flowers).

Salvia pratensis (Meadow Clary, Meadow Sage)
These plants are native to Europe, Asia, and Africa, where they prefer to grow in meadows, scrubland, and at woodland edges. These plants grow well in USDA hardiness zones 4-8 and form basal clumps of foliage and reaches up to just under 5 feet tall at maturity. Flowers are dark purple-violet. Cultivars include 'Haematodes' (with lavender-blue flowers), 'Midnight Model' (with rich midnight-blue flowers), 'Madeline' (with two-toned white and purple blooms), 'Swan Lake' (pictured; with pure white flowers), and 'Twilight Serenade' (with blue-violet blossoms). Series include Fashionista (compact varieties with profuse blooms) and Meadow Ballet (a seed blend in multiple colors).

Salvia regla (Mountain Sage, Orange Mountain Sage, Royal Sage)
This is an evergreen or deciduous shrub, depending on where it is grown, and is best in USDA hardiness zones 7-11 or Sunset growing zones 7-10 and 14-24. These shrubs are native to western Texas and central Mexico, and reach up to 4-6 feet tall and wide at maturity. Leaves are fan-shaped and flowers are orange-scarlet. These shrubs bloom profusely from fall through the first frost of the year.

Salvia roemeriana (Cedar Sage, Dwarf Crimson-Flowered Sage)
This perennial grows in USDA hardiness zones 7a-10b or Sunset growing zones 7-24 and is native to south-central Texas and northeastern Mexico. Individual plants reach up to 1 to 2 feet tall and wide at maturity, forming a basal clump of foliage. Flowers are scarlet. Deadhead to prolong the blooming season. Reseeds freely and forms colonies; needs rich soil and at least a half day of shade to perform well. The main cultivar of the species is 'Hot Trumpets', which reaches up to 10 inches tall and 8 inches wide, with profuse scarlet flowers.

Salvia rosmarinus (Rosemary)
These widely cultivated plants have fragrant, evergreen needle-like foliage. Flowers can come in shades of blue, purple, pink, or white. These plants are native to the Mediterranean, as well as Portugal and Spain and are considered invasive in Cuba. There are many varieties for both ornamental and herb garden cultivation, listed and described below:

'Albus' ('Albiflorus')
Semi-upright plant to 6 feet tall and wide. White flowers.

'Arp'
Hardiest of the Rosemary plants (-10 F). Native to Arp, Texas. Bright blue blooms.

'Aureus'
With yellow-speckled leaves.

'Benenden Blue'
With dark green leaves to 3-4 feet tall. Strong Pine fragrance. Bitter flavor

'Blue Boy'
A dwarf cultivar with small leaves and light blue flowers.

'Blue Rain'
Trailing cultivar with dark green leaves and blue flowers.

'Blue Spires'
Vertical grower to 5-6 feet tall with deep blue flowers. Good as a sheared hedge.

'Collingwood Ingram'
To 2.5 feet tall and 4 feet wide. Makes a good groundcover. Not good for cooking.

'Corsican Prostrate'
Low-growing, spreading plants with green foliage and blue-purple flowers. To 1.5 feet tall.

'Golden Rain'
Upright growth to 2-3 feet. Golden foliage, violet flowers.

'Gold Dust'
With variegated green and yellow foliage.

'Haifa'
With lavender-lined white flowers on a low, small plant.

'Hill Hardy'
Compact to 5 feet tall, light blue flowers. Slightly fragrant shrub.

'Huntington Carpet'
To 1.5 feet high, with pale blue flowers. Good groundcover.

'Irene'
Low, trailing plant with intense blue flowers. Good spreading groundcover.

'Ken Taylor'
Deep blue flowers on a low-growing plant. Tender.

'Lockwood de Forest'
Procumbent shrubby plant with bright green leaves and blue flowers. 2.5 feet tall.

'Majorca Pink'
With pink flowers, to 2-4 feet tall. Fruity fragrance.

'Miss Jessopp's Upright'
Distinctive upright form, with light purple flowers and green foliage.

'Pinkie'
With pink flowers and green foliage.

'Prostratus'
To 2 feet high, 4-8 feet wide. Trails over walls with pale lavender blue flowers.

'Pyramidalis'
Upright grower with grey-green foliage and purple-lavender flowers.

'Roseus'
With pink flowers and green foliage.

'Salem'
With dark green foliage and purple flowers.

'Severn Sea'
With a trailing habit, green leaves, and purple flowers.

'Sissinghurst Blue'
With an upright habit and purple-blue flowers.

'Spice Islands'
To 6-8 feet tall, with large blue flowers and good fragrance. Perfect for culinary uses.

'Sudbury Blue'
An upright grower with dark green foliage and light purple-blue flowers.

'Tuscan Blue'
A traditional, robust plant with an upright form, green foliage and blue-purple blooms.

'Wilma's Gold'
A cultivar with yellow leaves and very light blue flowers.

Salvia sclarea (Clary Sage, Clary, European Sage, Clear-Eye, Sweaty Betty, Muscatel Sage)
Biennial or short-lived perennial that is best in USDA hardiness zones 5-9 or Sunset growing zones 2-24 and is native to southern Europe and southwestern/central Asia. It forms a 2 to 3 foot wide foliage clump of grey-green unpleasant smelling foliage 3 to 4 feet tall. Branched flower stalks appear in late spring to early summer with lilac to lavender-blue flowers. Leaves, flowers and bracts are used to flavor wines and liqueurs; the oil made from this plant is used in perfumes and potpourris. Needs little to moderate water to perform well in the landscape. Variety 'Turkestanica' is a vigorous selection with white bracts (that are blushed with pink at the edges) and blooms. Cultivars of the species include 'Piemont' (with lavender and white blooms) and 'Vatican' (pictured, with strong branching flower stems and high essential oil content).

Salvia semiatrata (Bicolor Sage, Pine Mountain Sage, Riviera Sage)
This species is an evergreen shrub that grows well in USDA hardiness zones 8-11 or Sunset growing zones 16, 17 and 21-24. It is native to the cool mountains of southern Mexico, and reaches 3-6 feet tall and 2-3 feet wide. Stems are woody and brittle. Leaves are yellowish green and flowers are dusky lavender-blue with blackish upper lips and throats, as well as a dark mark on the lower lip. They bloom summer through fall. Pinch regularly and prune lightly 2-3 times each year, but avoid hard pruning. Protect from slugs and snails. Needs perfect drainage in wintertime and afternoon shade in hotter climates. Great as a container plant.

Salvia sinaloensis (Sinaloa Sage, Sinaloan Blue Sage, Sapphire Salvia, Bicolor Sage)
This perennial is best in USDA hardiness zones 8-11 or Sunset growing zones 15-17 and 20-24 and is native to western coastal Mexican foothills. It is a low, mounding plant reaching 1-2 feet wide or more that can serve as a lush groundcover. Leaves are toothed and purple when new, maturing to green. Full sun exposure will preserve the purple foliage color longer. Blooms are blue with white patches on the lower lip and have wine-colored calyxes. Bloom occurs in summertime, and can repeat in autumn. Shear back to near the ground in early spring just before growth emerges.

Salvia sonomensis (Sonoma Sage, Creeping Sage)
Best in USDA hardiness zones 7b-10a or Sunset growing zones 7, 9 and 14-24, this species is native to the foothills of the California Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada. Forms a mat 8-12 inches high and spreads to 3-4 feet (or more), with notched dull green leaves. Flowers are lavender, appearing in late spring to early summer. This species needs great drainage and gritty soil to perform well. It is drought-tolerant and is best with some high shade in warmer climates.

Salvia spathacea (California Hummingbird Sage, Pitcher Sage, Hummingbird Sage, Crimson Pitcher Sage)
This species of Sage is a perennial and grows well in USDA hardiness zones 8-11 or Sunset growing zones 7-9 and 14-24, and is native to the foothills of the Coast Ranges in California. These shrubs are hardy to 20 degrees Fahrenheit and reach 1-2 feet tall and 3-4 feet wide. Leaves are evergreen and wrinkled, green above and pale/hairy underneath. Flowers are magenta to rose-red with maroon calyxes and bracts. Blooms are present spring through fall. Hummingbirds love these flowers. They need rich soil and partial shade, and are drought-tolerant but prefer moderate amounts of water to perform best in the landscape. Cultivars include 'Kawatre' (with magenta blooms that age to red-orange), 'Avis Keedy' (With soft butter yellow flowers), 'Powerline Pink' (robust, tall with crimson-pink flowers), 'Confetti' (with bicolored yellow and pink flowers), 'Las Pilitas' (low-grower with short flower spikes), and 'Topanga' (originating from Topanga Canyon in southern California, with vibrant flower spikes).

Salvia splendens (Scarlet Sage, Red Salvia, Tropical Sage)
Native to Brazil, where they typically reach up to over 4 feet tall. Varieties of this species sold in nurseries are typically much smaller, and are cultivated widely as ornamentals in containers and beds. Cultivars of this species are listed and described below:

'Alba'
A white-flowering form of the species.

'Bicolor'
With white and red flowers.

'St. John's Fire'
Dwarf plant with dense scarlet, long lasting blooms.

'Violacea'
With dark purple to violet-colored flowers.

'Vanguard'
With bright, cherry red flowers that bloom over a long season.

'Van-Houttei'
With loose spikes of deep red flowers. Varieties have different colored blooms.

Salvia x superba (Meadow Sage, Superba Sage, Woodland Sage)
This species is a perennial that grows well in USDA hardiness zones 4-9 or Sunset growing zones zones 2-10 and 14-24, and forms a tight foliage clump of scalloped-edged green leaves. Flowers are violet-blue and bracts are reddish-purple. It will bloom from the middle of summer to fall if deadheaded regularly. This plant will sprawl to 5-6 feet wide if not staked. Cultivars of this hybrid include 'Adora Blue' (to 14 inches), 'Marcus' (with deep violet blue flowers on a dwarf shrub), 'Rubin' (with slender pin-purple flower spikes), and 'Snowhills' (with pure white flowers). Strains include 'Sensation' (upright forms with intense flower colors), 'Merleau' (compact uniform plants to 1.5 feet tall and dense flower spikes), and 'Profusion' (exceptional branching and heavy reblooms when sheared).

Salvia x sylvestris (Wood Sage, Meadow Sage)
This perennial does best in USDA hardiness zones 4-8 or Sunset growing zones 2-10 and 14-24 and has medium-green scalloped leaves that are wrinkled and somewhat hairy. Flowers will bloom from summer through fall if deadheaded. Cultivars are listed and described below:

'Blauhugel' ('Blue Hill')
Reaches 2 feet tall with medium-blue flowers.

'Blue Queen'
Reaches 18 inches tall and wide.

'Mainacht' ('May Night')
2-2.5 feet tall, with indigo flowers that have green bracts.

'Rosakonigen'
('Rose Queen')
2 feet tall with purple-pink flowers and crimson bracts.

'Schneehugel' ('Snow Hill')
White flowers with green bracts. Plant reaches 2 feet tall.

'Viola Klose'
This plant reaches 18 inches tall and wide, and has lavender-blue blooms.

Salvia uliginosa (Bog Sage, Blue Spike Sages)
This species is a perennial; great in USDA hardiness zones 6-10 or Sunset growing zones 6-9 and 14-24. It is native to the moist lowlands of South America, and has an upright dense habit to 4-6 feet tall and 3-4 feet wide. This species will spread aggressively by rhizome in the landscape, but is not considered regionally invasive. Leaves are toothed and green, decreasing in size toward the top of the plant. Flowers are sky blue with white throats and lower lips and bloom from summer through fall.

Salvia verticillata (Whorled Clary, Lilac Sage, Whorled Sage, Meadow Sage)
This perennial grows well in USDA hardiness zones 5-8 or Sunset growing zones 2-10 and 14-24 and is native to central Europe and western Asia. It forms a foliage clump 2.5 feet wide and 3 feet tall Leaves are medium green and have wavy edges. Flowers are violet-blue and have purple-tinged calyxes, blooming from the beginning of summer through to fall if deadheaded regularly. Cultivars include 'Endless Love' (to a foot tall and 18 inches wide with lavender flowers), and 'Purple Rain' (to 1-2 feet tall and purple blossoms and calyxes).

Caring for salvia

Plant Salvias in full sun (they should be getting at least 6 to 8 hours of sun per day). Some species thrive in partial shade; make sure to check growing requirements before choosing a planting site. Choose a place for your Salvia plant that also gets great air circulation; this will help with mildew and other fungal disease issues. Space plants 1 to 3 feet apart for best coverage and airflow. Ensure that soil is well-draining, rich in nutrients, and has a pH of between 5.5 and 6.5 (slightly acidic to neutral). If local soils are particularly poor in nutrients or do not drain well, make sure to amend the planting area with plenty of organic compost before installing. Apply a layer of mulch around the planting area to suppress weed growth, maintain consistent soil temperatures, and to increase soil moisture retention. Water new plantings regularly as they establish a strong root system in their new home. At maturity, these plants are considered drought tolerant, able to get by on rainwater alone for much of the year with supplemental deep waterings during extended periods of drought. As a general rule of thumb, water whenever the top few inches of soil feel dry to the touch. Certain Salvia species need more water than most; make sure to check growing requirements above before installing.

Fertilize yearly in early springtime with an application of 2 inches of compost around the base of plants. Pull mulch back before applying, work the compost gently into the soil a bit, water it in, and then replace mulch. If hard pruning is needed, wait until late winter or early spring, before new growth emerges. Otherwise, prune lightly and pinch branch tips to encourage a more bushy habit. Do not cut branches back by more than one third during the growing season. Many species of Salvia are not winter-hardy, and will need either protection or to be brought indoors over the cooler months of the year. In areas where these plants die back in cool weather, they can be sheared back in spring just as new growth is emerging. Salvia species can be annual or perennial. Annual species (or perennial species outside of their climate range treated as annuals) are typically pulled and composted at the end of the growing season and composted or left in place to enrich soil. Perennial species can be expected to survive for 5 to 10 years or more in the landscape before needing to be replaced. Some species will freely spread in ideal growing conditions, and can be divided every few years, providing new plants for the landscape indefinitely.

Caring for Salvia in Containers
Salvia shrubs are wonderful in the ground, but can also be grown in containers. Choose a container that is at least a few inches wider and deeper than the nursery pot or root ball. Ensure that the pot has adequate drainage holes on the bottom to allow for excess water to flow away. Fill with a well-draining potting mix amended with organic material and perlite, and top with a layer of mulch to suppress weed growth, maintain consistent soil temperatures, and to increase soil moisture retention. Water regularly as the plant establishes itself in its new home. Once established, waterings can be lessened. Salvia plants grown in containers will need more frequent irrigation than those grown in the ground. As a general rule of thumb, water whenever the top few inches of soil feels dry to the touch. Prune to remove dead, damaged, or diseased foliage at any time during the growing season. Every few years, check the bottom of the pot to ensure that the plant is not outgrowing its root space. If roots are growing through the drainage holes in the bottom of the container, it is a good indication that it needs to be potted up; choose a slightly larger container and repot.

Harvesting Salvia
Salvia plants are harvested for their edible foliage, flowers, and seeds. The species most commonly cultivated for their edible foliage and flowers are Salvia officinalis (Sage), Salvia elegans (Pineapple Sage), Salvia fruticosa (Greek Sage), and Salvia rosmarinus (Rosemary). They are considered cut-and-come-again greens, and can be harvested at any time during the active growing season. Choose healthy, full-sized leaves and pick them from stems in the morning after dew has dried but before the heat of the day sets in. Full stems can be removed as well if desired. As a general rule of thumb, never remove more than a third of the plant at any one time. Avoid harvesting from plants during their first year in the garden as they establish themselves. Fresh sprigs can be kept upright in a small glass of water, and leaves or stems can be wrapped loosely in a damp paper towel in a sealed container in the refrigerator. They will remain fresh for just a few days, and are best used just after harvesting. Foliage and flowers can also be dried as a spice or for use in potpurri by laying them out on screens or hanging stems upside-down in a cool-dark, dry area with good ventilation. They can then be processed and stored in a cool, dark cabinet in an airtight glass container. They will keep their flavor for 1 to 2 years.

Salvia hispanica (Chia Sage) plants are cultivated specifically for their edible seeds, which are commonly called Chia. These seeds are packed with fiber, omega-3 fatty acids, and minerals. When cooked with liquid, they form a gel, making them useful for digestion, weight management, cooking, and baking. Culinary uses include adding them to smoothies or yogurts, as a vegan egg substitute, as a thickener for gravies and sauces, mixed with water or lemonade into a beverage called 'Chia Fresca', or simply made into pudding by soaking them in milk overnight. The seeds are harvested about 120 days after plants are sown, once flowers lose their petals, turn brown, and seed pods feel dry. The best time to harvest is in the morning, after dew has dried but before the heat of the day sets in. Using sharp, clean shears or snips, remove the flower heads from the plant and place them in a container while harvesting continues. To get a meaningful harvest (about 1 to 2 cups), 10 to 12 mature plants need to be cultivated. Each plant typically yields about 1 to 2 tablespoons of seeds from its dried flower spikes. After harvesting and removing the seeds from their capsules, the can be placed in an airtight container in a cool, dark, dry area for 1 to 2 years. Whole seeds can also be kept fresh in the refrigerator for 2 to 4 years.

These shrubs are often also used in cut flower gardens. Salvia species and cultivars commonly grown for this purpose include Salvia farinacea (Mealycup Sage), Salvia nemerosa (Meadow Sage), Salvia sylvestris (Meadow Sage), Salvia guarantanica (Anise-Scented Sage) and Salvia leucantha (Mexican Bush Sage). There are many cultivars of these species, as well as colorful hybrids with differing stem heights and flower colors. These cut flowers add height, texture, and rich shades of blue, purple, pink, and white to floral arrangements. Their fragrance is an added bonus. The best time of the year to harvest Salvia flowers is when the plants are in full bloom in spring and summertime. Choose stems that have three quarters of the flowers on the spike already opened. If they are cut when buds are too tight or green, they may wilt before opening up. In the morning after dew has dried but before the heat of the day sets in, cut stems using clean, sharp shears or snips either at their base or just above a node or branch. Drop the harvested cut flowers into a bucket of cool water. These flowers can be expected to have a vase life of between 7 and 10 days.

Disclaimer: Information contained on this website is strictly and categorically intended as a reference to be used in conjunction with experts in your area. Foraging and consumption of plant parts should never begin without the guidance and approval of a local plant specialist. The providers of this website accept no liability for the use or misuse of information contained in this website.

Propagation

Salvia can be propagated either by using cuttings or from seed. To ensure that your propagated plant will have the exact same qualities and characteristics as the parent plant, use the cutting method. If you would like to experiment and see what plant you can grow from seed, just keep in mind that it will not necessarily be the same as the parent plant. Keep in mind that some species and hybrids are sterile and do not produce viable seed. Perennial types of Salvia can also be divided through division. To propagate your Salvia plants, follow the instructions below:

Propagating Salvia by Cutting

Gather your materials. You'll need a clean, sanitized, sharp pair of garden shears, rooting hormone, a pencil, and a 3-inch pot filled with well-draining compost or other organic material. A good substrate for propagation of cuttings is a light blend of 1/3 pasteurized soil or compost, 1/3 sand, vermiculite or perlite, and 1/3 coconut coir or peat moss.
In spring or early summertime, choose the plant that you'd like to propagate. Ensure that this plant has had a good watering the night before, as this will improve the chances your cutting will take root. Cut one or more 6 inch portion(s) of the end of a non-blooming branch and strip the leaves off of the lower half. Make a hole in your planting medium by pushing your pencil into the soil. Dip the end of the stem in rooting hormone, and plant it in your pot. Fill in soil around the cutting to support it, but do not pack it down too much.
Moisten with water, and ensure that the pot has good drainage. Your pot should be kept in warm, sunny conditions indoors (and not in direct sunlight). Water whenever your soil is dry under the top layer. After about four to six weeks have passed, your cutting should be rooted. When you notice new growth, you'll know you have roots.
Keep your new plant in an area with bright light (though not direct sunlight) and temperatures between 55 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit. Ensure that the soil stays moist, but not wet, until the next spring, when you can transplant it to its new home. Ensure that the last frost of the year has occurred before doing this, as it can seriously damage your new shrub.

Propagating Salvia by Seed

Keep in mind that the plant you get from seed will not necessarily mimic all of the characteristics of the parent plant. To propagate by seed, you will need a paper bag, a pot or tray filled with well-draining compost or other organic material, a spray bottle and a fork. The best potting medium for seed germination is a light blend of 1/3 pasteurized soil or compost, 1/3 sand, vermiculite or perlite, and 1/3 coconut coir or peat moss.
Water your prepared seed tray or pot filled with soil, and ensure that good drainage is occurring. Place your seeds in your prepared pot or seed tray about a quarter inch to a half-inch under the soil surface. Cover them with soil and water with your spray bottle. Place your tray of seeds in a warm area that receives bright, indirect light. A greenhouse is the most ideal climate, but a planting tray inside a window will do as well. Germination usually takes 7-21 days from sowing.
Keep the seedling's potting medium moist, but not wet, by spraying the soil with your spray bottle. Keep your new plant in an area with bright light (though not direct sunlight) and temperatures between 55 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit. Ensure that the soil stays moist, but not wet, until the next spring (after the danger of frost has passed), when you can transplant it to its new home.

Propagating Salvia by Division
This type of propagation is relatively simple; you will need a clean shovel, mulch, fresh soil, compost, and pots (only necessary if you will be saving divided plants for transporting elsewhere). Division is best done in spring or fall. To propagate by division, follow these steps:

Gather your materials. Using a shovel, dig up your existing plant. Start from the outside and work your way in to avoid damaging the tuber roots. Once you have worked it up out of the ground, lay it out.
Start to tease apart the roots with your fingers. Once the roots are untangled, separate your plant into segments, ensuring that each one has at least one thick tuberous section.
Prepare your pot(s) or new planting site(s) with amended, well-draining soil. You can either bring in new soil or simply amend your existing soil with compost to complete this task. Then, plant your divided plants.
Apply a thick layer of mulch over the new planting to protect it from cold weather as it acclimates to its new home. Then, enjoy watching it sprout.

Salvia seeds are held inside of persistent calyces left behind after flowers fade. They each hold between 1 and 4 seeds.

Salvia seeds are small, round, and glossy dark brown to black when fully mature.

Problems and Pests

Certain Salvia, or Sage, species are considered invasive in some regions; see the species descriptions above for more information. Check with local authorities before planting. Sage plants are generally resistant to pests and diseases, but can occasionally be affected by the following issues: