Scale Insects
"Bugs never bug my head. They are amazing. It is the activities of
humans which actually bug me all the time."
- Munia Khan
humans which actually bug me all the time."
- Munia Khan
introduction
Scale insects
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Scale Insect Behavior
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Scale Species
Scale insects are members of the suborder Stenorrhyncha (order Hempitera). They vary greatly in appearance and exhibit extreme sexual dimorphism, some species not even producing any males, instead producing offspring asexually. Some species (about 8%) are persistent landscape and crop pests, costing the United States several million dollars annually. There are around 6,000 species worldwide, 1,000 of which occur in North America. The following list includes scale insects that are commonly found in the western United States.
Aonidiella aurantii
(California Red Scale) |
Aspidiotus nerii
(Oleander Scale) |
Asterodiaspis spp.
(Oak Pit Scale) |
Carulaspis juniperi
(Juniper Scale) |
Carulaspis minima
(Minute Cypress Scale) |
Ceroplastes spp.
(Wax Scale) |
Chionaspis pinifoia
(Pine Needle Scale) |
Coccus hesperidum
(Brown Soft Scale) |
Coccus pseudomagnoliarum
(Citricola Scale) |
Dactylopius spp.
(Cochineal Scale) |
Eulecanium cerasorum
(Calico Scale) |
Eulecanium kunoense
(Kuno Scale) |
Eriococcus spurius
(European Elm Scale) |
Furchadaspis zamiae
(Cycad Scale) |
Gossyparia spuria
(European Elm Scale) |
Hemiberlesia lataniae
(Latania Scale) |
Hemiberlesia rapax
(Greedy Scale) |
Icerya purchasi
(Cottony Cushion Scale) |
Kuwania quercus
(Kuwana Oak Scale) |
Lepidosaphes beckii
(Purple Scale) |
Lepidosaphes ulmi
(Oystershell Scale) |
Matsucoccus acalyptus
(Pinyon Needle Scale) |
Melanaspis obscura
(Obscure Scale) |
Mycetococcus ehrhorni
(Ehrhorn's Oak Scale) |
Neolecanium cornuparvum (Magnolia Scale)
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Nuculaspis californica
(Black Pineleaf Scale) |
Parlatoria oleae
(Olive Scale) |
Parthenolecanium fletcheri
(Fletcher Scale) |
Parthenolecanium pruinosum
(Frosted Scale) |
Parthenolecanium quercifex
(Oak Lecanium Scale) |
Pulvinaria innumerabilis
(Cottony Maple Scale) |
Pulvinaria psidii
(Green Shield Scale) |
Quadraspidiotus juglansregiae
(Walnut Scale) |
Quadraspidiotus perniciosus
(San Jose Scale) |
Saissetia coffeae
(Hemispherical Scale) |
Saissetia oleae
(Black Scale) |
Stomacoccus platani
(Sycamore Scale) |
Toumeyella liriodendri
(Tuliptree Scale) |
Tourmeyella pinicola
(Irregular Pine Scale) |
Unaspis euonymi
(Euonymus Scale) |
