Prunus

( PROO - nus )

At-A-Glance Information

This large genus of trees includes both ornamental and crop species of Plum, Cherry, Peach, Nectarine, Apricot, and Almond. These trees are native to North America, South America, Asia, and Africa and can be evergreen or deciduous. Fruits produced by these trees are called drupes, or stone fruits, and are edible in many species. Use Prunus plants as specimens or focal points in the landscape, as hedges or privacy screens, in wildlife or pollinator gardens, or as members of backyard orchards. Take care when planting these trees in the landscape, as the seed in the center of the stone (or pit) is is poisonous in most species. Some species have thorns, as well, that can puncture skin and clothing.

Prunus Species and Varietals

The genus Prunus is a member of the plant family Rosaceae, making them related to species in the Cotoneaster, Rubus, and Sorbus genera. There are around 430 distinct species recognized in the genus; the list of Prunus species below is divided into the genus' six subgenera. The best growing zones for Prunus plants is USDA hardiness zones 4-9, though this can vary somewhat depending on the species cultivated. For more growing zone information, see the descriptions below. To find your zone, click here: Zone Map.

Amygdalus: Almonds, peaches, and Nectarines

This group of fruiting trees is distinguished from the others in the genus by the corrugated endocarp (or shell) surrounding the inner seed, which is consumed in the case of Almond trees. Trees have axillary buds in groups of three, and pink or white flowers appear in early springtime. Fruits have a deep groove on one side.

Prunus dulcis (Almond, Almond Tree)
Native to Iran, the Middle East, and surrounding regions of Central and Southwestern Asia, this species of fruiting trees is the type species of the subgenera. It grows well in USDA hardiness zones 7-9. Fruits have an outer hull and a hard inner shell that protects the edible seed. They do very well in Mediterranean climates with warm, dry summers and wet, cool winters. Trees reach between 15 and 40 feet tall, and branches and bark are greyish. Leaves are lightly serrated and green. Almond trees begin producing in their third year, and can grow between 30 and 50 pounds of 'nuts' annually, peaking at 7-8 years old. Trees live for between 25 and 30 years on average.

'All-in-One'
Semi-dwarf with medium-large sweet, soft-shelled nuts. Self-fruiting. 300-500 chill hours.

'Butte'
Productive tree with semi-hard shelled nuts. Pollinated with 'All-In-One', 'Mission', or 'Nonpareil'. 500 chill hours.

'Garden Prince'
Dwarf tree with showy pink blooms and medium-sized soft-shelled nuts. Self-fruiting. 250-400 chill hours.

'Hall' ('Hall's Hardy')
Bears hard-shelled, bitter, small nut of low quality. Pink blooms flower late, making this a good choice for frost-prone regions. Self-fruiting; good paired up with 'Mission'. 600-800 chill hours.

'Mission' ('Texas')
Heavy producer of small, semi-hard shelled nuts. Late bloomer and one of the best varieties for areas with cold winters and late frost. Pair with 'Hall'. 500 chill hours.

'Ne Plus Ultra'
Has large nuts in attractive shells that are soft. Best when paired with 'Nonpareil'. Requires 250-400 chill hours.

'Nonpareil'
Easily removable thin shells around nuts. Blooms mid-season, and has some bud failure where summers get hot. Pollinate with 'All-In-One', 'Mission', or 'Ne Plus Ultra'. 400 chill hours.

Prunus persica (Peach, Nectarine)
Peach trees are suited for growing in USDA hardiness zones 5-9. This deciduous species was first cultivated in China, and contains two commercially differentiated fruits: peaches and nectarines. The largest difference between the two fruits is found in the skin; peaches have a fuzzy skin while nectarines are smooth-skinned. Trees can reach about 25 feet tall and wide, but are more commonly seen about 10-15 feet tall and wide, especially in backyard cultivation. Most trees need replacing in 8-10 years, though resilient trees can live for over 25 years. For the most part, peaches are categorized according to whether they are 'clingstone' or 'freestone'. Clingstone varieties have fruit flesh that holds on (or clings to) to pits, and are better for canning purposes. Freestone fruits, on the other hand, are easy to eat ripe, and have a pit that dislodges more freely from the fruit flesh. Fruits in the middle of the two categories are referred to as 'semifree'. Nectarines (Prunus persica nucipersica, Prunus persica nectarina) are a variety of Peach with a desirable recessive gene: fuzzless skin. These fruits are categorized as either white or yellow, and have the same pit characteristic categories as peaches. Fruits tend to be smaller and sweeter than peaches. Required chill hours to produce ranges from between 100 to 1,000, depending on the cultivar.

Peacherines
These fruits are marketed in New Zealand and Australia as a cross between a peach and a nectarine. The main heirloom Peacherine cultivar is 'Healy's Peacherine'.

Flat Peaches
(Pan-Tao, Saturn Peach, Donut Peach)
Orange to pale yellow flattened fruits. Fruit is less fuzzy than most Peaches, and tastes of Almond.

Prunus triloba (Ornamental Almond, Flowering Almond, Flowering Plum, Rose Tree of China, Elm Leaf Mei, Elm-Leaf Plum, Yù Yè Méi, 榆叶梅)
These shrubby trees grow best in USDA hardiness zones 3-7 or Sunset growing zones A1-A3, 1-11 and 14-20. They are native to China, and have a slow growth to about 8-10 feet tall and wide. Can be single-or multi-stemmed. Leaves are dark green above, pale underneath. In early spring, otherwise bare branches are covered in pink blooms. Cultivars include 'Multiplex' (pictured; with double-pink flowers), and 'Alba Plena' (with double pure white flowers).

cerasus: True cherries

These trees produce a single winter bud per axil, and fruits are smooth round drupes. These trees are native to Europe, North Africa, and west Asia and produce small, round, black to red drupes with soft, sharply acidic, and juicy flesh. Fruits have a bright lemon-like sourness balanced by deep wine-like or honey undertones.

Prunus apetala (Clove Cherry, Chōjizakura, チョウジザクラ, 丁字桜)
This species forms a shrub or small tree that reaches 18 feet tall at maturity. Flowers appear in May, and are white to pink. Fruit is black and round-ovular and can be consumed but is insignificant in taste. This species is native to Japan and is suited for USDA hardiness zones 5-8.

Prunus avium (Wild Cherry, Sweet Cherry, Gean)
This species is native to Europe and Western Asia, and produces a tree that reaches between 15 and 60 feet tall at maturity. Leaves are green and elongated, and flowers are pure white, showy, and fragrant, emerging in early springtime. Requires between 700 and 1,000 chill hours to produce. This species is considered invasive in the Pacific Northwest, Virginia, Maryland in the United States as well as Australia and New Zealand.

Prunus campanulata (Taiwan Cherry, Formosoan Cherry, Bellflower Cherry, Zhōng Huā Yīng Táo, 钟花樱桃, Kanhi-Zakura, Hikan-Zakura, December Flower, Shiwasu-bana, Setsubun-bana)
This species is native to Japan, Taiwan, and China and is widely grown as an ornamental tree. This species requires very low chill hours to produce, between 100 and 200, making it exceptionally well-suited for USDA hardiness zones 7-10. The species forms a large shrub or small deciduous tree to a mature height of 10 to 30 feet tall and 10 to 25 feet wide. Flowers are deep pink to red and bell-shaped, hanging downward from branches in late winter and early springtime. This species is considered invasive in New Zealand.

Prunus canescens (Gray-Leaf Cherry, Hoary Cherry, Greyleaf Cherry)
This species is native to China, and forms a shrubby tree that maxes out at just under 10 feet tall. It is suited for USDA hardiness zones 5-9. Due to its attractive, shiny dark bark and small stature, it is commonly used as a rootstock for sweet cherry species and sometimes grown as an ornamental garden specimen. It produces rose-white blossoms in mid-spring.

Prunus cerasoides (Wild Himalayan Cherry, Pahhiya, Sour Cherry)
This species is native to temperate and tropical regions of Asia, and forms a large tree that can reach just under 100 feet tall when mature. It grows well in USDA hardiness zones 6-10. Bark is glossy and ringed, and the tree flowers twice a year. The first bloom pops January through April, and the second from September to November. Flowers are white-pink and have protruding stamens. This species is considered invasive in highland regions of Zimbabwe.

Prunus cerasus (Dwarf Cherry, Sour Cherry, Tart Cherry)
This small tree has twiggy branches and reaches between 13 and 33 feet tall. This species is cultivated widely for its fruits, which are mainly produced in Russia, Ukraine, Turkey, Poland, and Serbia. It grows well in USDA hardiness zones 4-8, requiring cold winters and between 500 and 1,000 chill hours to set fruit. Popularly cultivated varieties for home gardens include 'Morello' (dark red fruit), 'Amarelle' (lighter red fruit), 'Kentish Red', 'North Star', 'Montmorency', 'Griottes', 'Meteor', and 'Flemish'.

Prunus clarofolia (Prunus litigiosa) (Shiny-Leaf Cherry, Tassel Cherry)
These shrubby trees reach a height of between 8 and 65 feet tall and are native to China and take a columnar form. These plants are grown as ornamentals in their native range, and are not cultivated for their fruits. Flowers are white or pink and bloom in late winter or early springtime.

Prunus cyclamina (Cyclamin Cherry, Cyclamen Cherry, Chinese Flowering Cherry, Xiangyang Mountain Cherry, 襄阳山樱桃)
This tree produces a grand show of pink flowers which lasts for longer than most other species and is native to China. They are relatively resistant to pests and diseases, and are widely grown as ornamentals. New leaves are bronze-green, turning green when mature. Fruits do not have much flesh, but are edible. Trees reach up to 15 to 30 feet tall and wide when mature and are suited for growing in USDA hardiness zones 6a-8a.

Prunus emarginata (Bitter Cherry, Oregon Cherry, Quinine Cherry)
This species is native to western North America, from British Columbia down through Baja California. These trees prefer nutrient-rich, recently disturbed soil in open wooded areas. At maturity, these trees top out at just under 50 feet tall. Flowers are white. Purple to Red fruits are so bitter that they are generally considered inedible. Bitter Cherry trees are suited for growing in USDA hardiness zones 4a-9b.

Prunus x eminens (Prunus eminens, Prunus x javorkae) (Globe Cherry, Mophead Cherry, Dwarf Sour Cherry)
This small natural hybrid (P. cerasus x P. fruticosa) tree is native to central Europe and reaches up to between 10 and 16 feet tall when mature. Crown is spherical and flowers are white, followed by crimson-red fruits. Fall foliage is vibrant orange. These trees are grown for their ornamental value rather than their fruit production. Cultivars are very cold hardy, and include 'Crimson Passion', 'Juliet', 'Romeo', and 'Umbriculifera' (a weeping variety). This species grows well in USDA hardiness zones 4-8.

Prunus fruticosa (European Dwarf Cherry, Dwarf Cherry, Mongolian Cherry, Steppe Cherry, Ground Cherry, European Ground Cherry)
This species of shrub is native to eastern Europe, and reaches between 3 and 7 feet tall at maturity. Fruit is sour, used mostly for cooking and preserving. In ornamental use, Dwarf Cherry is used as a hedgerow, privacy screen, or windbreak. Its hardiness also makes it a great rootstock choice. Flowers are small and white, followed by small, dark red drupes. Dwarf Cherry is suited for USDA hardiness zones 2-8.

Prunus x incam (Okame Cherry, Okame Flowering Cherry)
These small trees have silvery bark and produce showy pink blooms. Fall foliage is bronze-orange-red. Although these trees produce copious amounts of pollen, they do not fruit well and are largely grown as ornamentals. This hybrid (P. incisa x P. campanulata) was developed by Collingwood Ingram, and there are two popular cultivars, 'Okame' (with bright pink flowers) and 'Shosar' (with clear pink blossoms). Okame Cherry trees are suited for USDA hardiness zones 6-8.

Prunus incisa (Fuji Cherry, Fuji-Zakura, フジザクラ, Mount Fuji Cherry, Mame-Zakura, マメザクラ, Bean Cherry, Small Cherry)
This species is endemic to Japan, and is a slow-growing, dainty small tree. It is hardy down to -20 degrees Fahrenheit (USDA hardiness zones 5-9), and is highly regarded as a garden ornamental. Fuji Cherry grows well in USDA hardiness zones 5-9.

'Kojo-No-Mai'
To 8 feet tall and wide, with zigzag stems, crimson buds, and pink to white flowers.

'Little Twist'
To 8 feet tall with a dense crown, zig-zag branches, and white flowers with pink centers.

'Oshidori'
To 8 to 13 feet tall and 6.5 to 10 feet wide; good for container. Pale pink double flowers.

'Praecox'
Delicate pale flowers; 8-15 feet tall with vibrant red-orange fall color.

'The Bride'
White flowers with deep red anthers and red, purple, and orange fall color. Shrub or small tree to 7-13 feet.

'Umineko'
Upright small tree with white spring flowers. To 20-30 feet tall and 10-12 feet wide.

'Yamadei'
Pure white bell-shaped flowers. Umbrella-shaped tree or shrub to 13 feet tall.

'Zuzu'
Narrow dwarf to 3-5 feet tall good for small spaces and containers. Pink double flowers.

Prunus itosakura (Weeping Cherry, Autumn Cherry, Winter-Flowering Cherry, Edo Higan Cherry, Thread Cherry)
Trees in this species reach about 100 feet maximum, but are more commonly seen at about half that height in gardens. They grow well in USDA hardiness zones 5-8. This is a slow-growing species with a firm trunk that is resistant to snow and wind damage. Commonly grown cultivars include 'Pendula' (weeping form with double pink rose flowers), 'Pendula-Rosea' (weeping form with single or semi-double pink flowers), 'Plena-Rosea' (weeping with double pink blooms), 'Omoigawa' (to 16 feet tall with pale pink flowers in spring), and 'Ujou-Shidare' (weeping branches and light pink flowers).

Prunus mackii (Manchurian Cherry, Amur Chokecherry, Amur Cherry)
Named for the man who discovered the species, Richard Karlovich Maack, these trees reach between 13 and 32 feet tall and have fissured, grey-brown bark. Fruit is used to manufacture juices, jellies and jams. Flowers are white and bloom in the middle of spring, followed by summer to autumn dark purple to black fruits. This species is suited for growing in USDA hardiness zones 2-6, requiring above 1,000 chill hours to produce. It is mostly grown ornamentally for its attractive bark, flowers, and foliage.

Prunus mahaleb (Mahaleb Cherry, St. Lucie Cherry, Perfumed Cherry, Rock Cherry)
This species is cultivated for the spicy seeds inside the fruits, which have a fragrant smell and taste like a bitter Almond. Fruit flesh is inedible. These trees are native to central Europe's dry woodlands and drylands. Flowers are white and strongly fragrant, and these trees are commonly cultivated in gardens as ornamentals. Varieties include 'Albomarginata' (with variegated foliage), 'Bommii' (dwarf with pendulous branches), 'Globosa' (compact variety), 'Pendula' (with drooping branches), and 'Xanthocarpa' (with yellow fruit). Best in USDA hardiness zones 5-8. This species is considered invasive in North America, regions of Europe, and parts of South America, Australia, and New Zealand.

Prunus maximowiczii (Korean Cherry, Miyama Cherry, Korean Mountain Cherry, Black Cherry, Hēi Yīng Táo, 黑樱桃, Deep Mountain Cherry, Miyamazakura, ミヤマザクラ, 深山桜)
This small, fruiting cherry tree native to Asia and Eurasia, and blooms in May. It is suited for growing in USDA hardiness zones 4-8. Flowers are white. Fruit is edible, and is ripe around August, though is not widely cultivated. These trees grow naturally in clay soils in mountainous or woodland regions.

Prunus nipponica (Japanese Alpine Cherry, Kurile Cherry, Takane Cherry, Takanezakura, 高嶺桜)
This shrub is native to Japan and is a hardy species, well-suited to cold climates. It grows well in USDA hardiness zones 6-8. Flowers are light pink to white and bloom in early to mid spring. In fall, foliage will turn orange and red. Fruit is eaten and used to make various dyes, but these trees are mainly grown for their ornamental value. They reach 16 feet in height at maturity and can grow in a variety of soils including loamy, sandy, and clayey.

Prunus x nudiflora (King Cherry, Jeju Flowering Cherry, 제주벚나무, King Cherry, Wangbeonnamu, 왕벚나무)
Native to Jeju Island in Korea, this rare, endangered hybrid produces white to pink flowers that have magenta-flushed centers. These trees reach up to between 16 and 60 feet tall in their native habitat.

Prunus pensylvanica (Bird Cherry, Red Cherry, Fire Cherry, Pin Cherry, Pigeon Cherry, Northern Pin Cherry, Wild Red Cherry)
Grown as a shrub or small tree, this species is native to mountainous areas in the northern United States and southern Canada. It grows well in USDA hardiness zones 2-7, and requires 1,000 or more chill hours to produce. Fruit is edible and is used in jams, jellies, and other preserves. Seeds can remain viable and dormant in soil for up to 50-100 years, and trees can regenerate through sprouting thickets as well.

Prunus x pugetensis (Puget Sound Cherry, Puget Cherry, Hybrid Cherry)
This species, native to the Pacific Northwest, is a cross between Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium) and Oregon Wild Cherry (Prunus emarginata). It grows well in USDA hardiness zones 7-9. These trees produce large flowers but rarely bear any fruits. Puget Cherry can form a shrub or small tree, reaching up to 10 to 20 feet tall when mature.

Prunus serrulata (Prunus jamasakura) (Birch Bark Cherry, Birchbark Cherry, Paperbark Cherry, Tibetan Cherry, Japanese Cherry, East Asian Cherry)
This widely grown ornamental species of Cherry is native to China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. These small deciduous trees have short trunks and can reach between 26 and 39 feet when mature. Bark is chestnut brown with prominent lenticels. Fall color is red, yellow, and crimson. Flowers appear with leafout, and are white to pink. Fruits follow flowers, but because these trees are bred for ornamental purposes, they are very small and underdeveloped. Paperbark Cherry grows well in USDA hardiness zones 5-8.

Prunus x schmittii (Schmitt's Cherry, Hybrid Cherry, Ornamental Sweet Cherry)
This hybrid (P. avium x P. canescens) produces trees that make wonderful street trees given their narrow, conical growth habit. These are fast-growing Cherry trees, reaching between 22 and 50 feet tall at maturity. Flowers are pale pink to white, and bloom in April. Heavy pollen producer. Blooms are followed by small, cherry-like red fruits and fall foliage is orange to yellow. Multi- and single-trunked varieties are available. Schmitt's Cherry grows well in USDA hardiness zones 5-9.

Prunus speciosa (Oshima Cherry, Japanese Flowering Cherry, Oriental Cherry, ōshimazakura, オオシマザクラ)
This species is native to Izu Peninsula and the Izu Oshima Island in near Tokyo, Japan. These trees reach between 13-39 feet tall at maturity and produce white flowers. Fruits that follow are small, black, and cherry-like. This species is grown as an ornamental, and is suited for USDA zones 7-9.

Prunus x subhirtella (Winter-Flowering Cherry, Spring Cherry, Rosebud Cherry)
This hybrid is a cross between Prunus itosakura and Prunus incisa. They are small, deciduous trees that are suited for USDA hardiness zones 5-8. Cultivars include 'Pendula' (with weeping branches and light pink flowers), 'Autumnalis Rosea' (also called the Rosebud Cherry, to 20-30 feet with double pink flowers that bloom from late fall through winter, followed by heavy spring blooms), 'Pendula Plena Rosea' (Weeping form with double pink blossoms), and 'Snow Fountains' (dwarf weeping form to 12 feet tall with cascading pure white flowers). This species is considered invasive in Northern Virginia, Maryland, and western North Carolina.

Prunus x yedoensis (Cerasus x yedoensis) (Yoshino Cherry, Somei-Yoshino, Tokyo Cherry, Japanese Flowering Cherry)
This hybrid is the most widely grown in temperate regions of the globe. Fragrant flowers are pink-white, blooming in spring before leaves emerge for the year. Fruits have little flesh and are not great for eating, but do have the potential to stain concrete, brick and clothing. These trees reach between 16 and 40 feet tall when mature. Yoshino Cherry grows well in USDA hardiness zones 5-8.

Laurocerasus: Cherry Laurels

This group of Cherry trees and shrubs was once known as the genus Laurocerasus, and is now included under Prunus. They are evergreen and native to subtropical and tropical regions of the globe and produce edible fruits but are not commonly cultivated for that purpose. These species make great privacy hedges, windbreaks, and architectural garden screening plants. They are valued for their handsome foliage and fast growth rate.

Prunus caroliniana (Carolina Laurelcherry, Carolina Cherry Laurel, Carolina Cherry, Carolina Laurel)
Native to lowland areas in the southeastern United States, this species forms a medium-sized tree that reaches between 20 and 30 feet tall at maturity. It grows well in USDA hardiness zones 7-10. Flowers are creamy white and fragrant, blooming from late wintertime through early spring. Fruits are bird favorites, tiny and black. This species is considered invasive in California.

Prunus ilicifolia (Hollyleaf Cherry, Evergreen Cherry, Islay)
This species is native to chaparral landscapes along the coastlines of California and Mexico. This evergreen shrub or tree reaches between 8 and 30 feet tall at maturity, and produces edible purple-black cherry fruits. Flowers are small and white, and bloom between March and May. These are commonly grown as ornamentals and are prized for their adaptability, usefulness as hedge plants, and drought-tolerance. Hollyleaf Cherry grows well in USDA hardiness zones 8-10.

Prunus laurocerasus (Cherry Laurel, Common Laurel, English Laurel)
These shrubs or trees are native to southeastern Europe and southwestern Asia, and reach between 16 and 40 feet tall at maturity. Leaves, when crushed, smell of Almonds. Creamy white flowers appear in early springtime and last through summer and are fragrant. Fruits are small cherries, turning black when ripe in early fall. These are widely cultivated ornamental plants, great for hedging and privacy, and adaptable to poor conditions. There are over 40 cultivars of this popular species, the most popular of which include 'Aureovariegata' (with yellow variegated leaves), 'Magnifolia' (with large leaves), 'Otto Lukyen' (a dwarf form), 'Schipakaensis', and 'Zabeliana' (prized for its cold tolerance). These shrubs grow well in USDA hardiness zones 6-9. This species is considered invasive in the Pacific Northwestern United States, Western Europe, and Ireland.

Prunus lusitanica (Portuguese Laurel Cherry, Portugal Laurel, Portuguese Cherry Laurel)
This species of flowering plants is native to the Iberian Peninsula, Morocco, the Macaronesia, and the French Basque Country. These evergreen shrubs or trees reach between 16 and 66 feet tall (depending on the growth habit and landscape conditions). Flowers are white, and fruits are dark purple or black when ripe in late summer to early fall. Best in USDA hardiness zones 6-9 or Sunset growing zones 4-9 and 14-24. This species is considered invasive in Washington, Oregon, California, and British Colombia in North America, as well as Great Britain, Ireland, northern France, and New Zealand.

Prunus myrtifolia (Myrtle Leaf Cherry, Myrtle Laurel Cherry, West Indian Cherry)
This species of shrub is native to the southeastern United States and reaches up to 40 feet tall at maturity. Flowers are white and fruits are dark purple to black and egg-shaped. Myrtle Leaf Cherry grows well in USDA hardiness zones 8-10.

Prunus spinulosa (Spinyleaf Cherry, Spinyleaf Cherry-Laurel)
This species of Cherry Laurel is native to China and Japan, and has lustrous green leaves with somewhat wavy margins. Trees can reach up to 65 feet tall and grow naturally near forest-area riverbeds. This species does well in warm-temperate to subtropical climates, including USDA hardiness zones 8-10. This species is considered invasive in regions of North America.

Lithocerasus (microcerasus): Bush Cherries and Dwarf cherries

This subgenus includes lower-growing species that form shrubs and subshrubs. They produce beautiful foliage and profuse shows of pink or white flowers in springtime. In the landscape, these plants are used in wildlife gardens, as informal hedges, or simply for their ornamental value in mixed beds and borders. They are perfect for containers or small gardens.

Prunus glandulosa (Chinese Bush Cherry, Chinese Plum, Dwarf Flowering Almond)
This species is native to China and Japan, and is commonly used as an ornamental small tree. Branches are used in cut flower arrangements. These plants can have white or pink flowers which bloom in springtime, and fruits that follow are dark red. This species commonly reaches about 5 feet tall at maturity, and has a spreading, somewhat pendulous habit. Cultivars include 'Alba' (with single white flowers), 'Alba Plena' (with double white flowers), 'Lawrence' (with single white-pink flowers), and 'Sinensis' (also called 'Rosea Plena', with double pink blooms). This species grows well in USDA hardiness zones 4-8 and requires about 300 chill hours to break dormancy.

Prunus incana (Willowleaf Cherry, Hoary Cherry, Willow Cherry)
This species of Sour Cherry is native to central Asia. It forms a shrubby plant that prefers scrub landscapes and is commonly used as a dwarfing rootstock for Peach (Prunus persica) trees. Individual shrubs can reach up to 4 to 8 feet tall and just as wide at maturity, with pale pink to deep rose-red flowers followed by tiny bright red fruits. The species is suited for growing in USDA hardiness zones 5-9.

Prunus jacquemontii (Afghan Cherry, Afghan Bush Cherry, Afghan Dwarf Cherry, Flowering Almond, Himalayan Bush Cherry, Jacquemont Cherry)
This species produces pink flowers on a 5 foot tall, 4 foot wide shrub (after 10 years of growth). The species is named for French botanist Victor Jacquemont. Leaves are green and slender, and these shrubs are native to Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, Tajikistan, and Tibet. Best in USDA hardiness zones 3-9, these shrubs have low to moderate chill hours to produce (250 to 800 hours), but are not typically grown for fruit cultivation.

Prunus japonica (Japanese Bush Cherry, Oriental Bush Cherry, Korean Bush Cherry, Japanese Almond-Cherry, Niwa-Ume, Garden Plum, Garden Mume, 庭梅, Yùlǐ, 郁李, Iseuraji, 이스라지)
This shrub species is native to China and Korea, and produces a 5 foot tall and 5 foot wide shrub. Flowers bloom in May, followed by edible, small and quite sour fruits. The dried seeds are used in traditional Chinese medicine, and are known as Yùlǐrén (郁李仁). Korean Bush Cherry grows well in USDA hardiness zones 4-9 and requires around 800 chill hours to set fruits.

Prunus microcarpa (Small-Fruited Cherry, Oriental Almond)
This deciduous shrub is native to Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan and the Caucasus, and produces white to pale pink flowers beginning in April. Will sucker if surface roots are damaged. These shrubs reach up to between 1.5 and 11.5 feet tall when mature, and grow well in USDA hardiness zones 6-9.

Prunus prostrata (Mountain Cherry, Rock Cherry, Creeping Cherry, Spreading Cherry, Prostrate Cherry)
This hardy alpine species reaches to 1 to 3 feet tall and forms mats that can span 2 to 3 feet or more across. Bark is reddish-brown and flowers are a light rose color and bloom April through May. Fruits follow blooms and are red, ripe in July. They are not palatable; these plants are used mainly as an ornamental groundcover. Best in USDA zones 5 and 6.

Prunus pumila (Sand Cherry, Sandcherry, Western Sand Cherry, Eastern Sand Cherry, Great Lakes Sand Cherry)
This species is native to Canada and the northern United States (best in USDA hardiness zones 3-8), and is a deciduous shrub that enjoys growing in sandy dunes and along shorelines. These plants reach between 2 and 6 feet tall at maturity, and produce white flowers followed by dark purple fruits.

Prunus tomentosa (Nanking Cherry, Korean Cherry, Manchu Cherry, Downy Cherry, Shanghai Cherry, Ando Cherry, Chinese Bush Cherry, Mountain Cherry, Chinese Dwarf Cherry, Hairy Cherry, Downy Cherry, Máo Yīng Táo, 毛樱桃, Aengdonamu, 앵도나무)
This is a deciduous shrub with pink to white flowers and reaches 10 feet tall at maturity. Fruits are scarlet and resemble cherries, but are more similar to plums. They are sweet and slightly tart. This species is drought-resistant and cold-hardy. Nanking Cherry grows well in USDA hardiness zones 2-7.

Padus: Bird Cherries

This subgenus of Prunus includes trees and shrubs that produce racemose flower inflorescences. It was once a genus on its own, inclding many deciduous plants that produce small, sour fruits that are usually only palatable to birds (in most species), hence the common name 'Bird Cherries'. They are valued as ornamental specimens, as street trees, or for wildlife.

Prunus alabamensis (Alabama Cherry, Alabama Black Cherry)
This rare species is native to Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, and South Carolina and grows well in USDA hardiness zones 7-9. It is closely related to Prunus serotina (Black Cherry) and forms a small to medium-sized tree to 20-40 feet tall. Mature bark is rough and dark grey to black. Flowers are white and fruits are small and reddish to dark purple, appearing from June through August.

Prunus grayana (Padus grayana) (Japanese Bird Cherry, Gray's Bird Cherry, Uwamizuzakura, ウワミズザクラ, 上水桜, Grey-Leaf Chokecherry, Grey-Leaf Bird Cherry, 灰叶稠李)
This species of Bird Cherry is native to Japan and China where it grows in temperate zones. These plants prefer sunshine and moist soil, and reach between 26 and 65 feet tall. Bark is purple-grey and marked with horizontal brown lenticels. Flowers, fruits and seeds are all edible, and are commonly consumed in the plant's native range. The species is named for botanist Asa Gray and grows well in USDA hardiness zones 5-9.

Prunus napaulensis (Nepalese Bird Cherry, Jangali Aru. Arupate, Arupaty, Sohiong, Sajong, Theikanthei, Khasi Cherry, Thick-Stalked Bird Cherry, 粗梗稠李)
These trees are native to the eastern foothills of the Himalayas in Nepal, Myanmar, and China. It can grow as either a tree (to 88 feet tall) or a large shrub in certain growing situations. Fruits produced by these plants are edible, and wood is used for making furniture. This species grows well in USDA hardiness zones 6-9.

Prunus padus (Bird Cherry, Hackberry, Hagberry, Mayday Tree, European Bird Cherry)
This species is native to Western and Central Europe as well as North Africa, and temperate Eurasia and grow well in USDA hardiness zones 3-6. Fruits produced by these plants are astringent. There are two main varieties of this species, including European Bird Cherry (Prunus padus padus) and Asian Bird Cherry (Prunus padus commutata). Requires 800 to over 1,000 chill hours to produce. This species is considered invasive in Alaska (United States), where it is a problem in native riparian landscapes.

Prunus serotina (Black Cherry, Wild Black Cherry, Rum Cherry, Mountain Black Cherry)
These trees are commonly seen in North and South America, and forms a medium-sized fast-growing forest tree. It grows well in USDA hardiness zones 3-9. Individuals reach between 50 and 80 feet tall when mature, and green foliage turns colors in the fall before leaves drop. Flowers are small and white, and fruits are reddish-black and relatively small. Black Cherry is considered invasive in Europe and northern regions of South America.

Prunus virginiana (Bitterberry, Chokecherry, Virginia Bird Cherry, Western Chokecherry, Black Chokecherry)
This species forms a suckering shrub that reaches between 3.5 and 19.5 feet tall when mature. It grows well in USDA hardiness zones 2-7. Flowers are white and fruits that follow blooms are black to bright red in color and have a very astringent taste. Darker berries will have a marginally sweeter taste. This species is native to Canada, Mexico and the United States and is considered invasive in Alaska.

Prunus: Plums, Apricots, almonds and Bush Cherries (Old World Plums)

This group shares the quality of having solitary flowers. They are cultivated for their ornamental and fruit production value, and take a variety of forms, sizes, and climates. Those cultivated for their fruits are known as Old World Plums, and originate primarily in Eurasia. They produce egg or oval-shaped fruits with dense, sweet flesh well-suited for drying into prunes, and are generally self-fertile. Use these trees and shrubs to add focal points to mixed beds and borders or as members of backyard orchards.

Prunus americana (American Plum, Wild Plum, Marshall's Large Yellow Sweet Plum, American Wild Plum, Goose Plum, River Plum, Hog Plum, Sloe Plum)
This species is native to North America and forms a large shrub or small tree to 15 feet tall. These trees have little tolerance for drought, shade, and fire. Flowers bloom in springtime, and fruits are ripe in summertime. These trees require 400 to 700 chill hours to produce. This species is grown both as an ornamental garden tree as well as a cultivated fruit tree, and does well in USDA hardiness zones 3-8. American Plum can act aggressively weedy outside of its native range, but is not considered invasive.

Prunus andersonii (Desert Peach, Desert Almond, Anderson Peachbush)
These plants are native to eastern areas of California and western Nevada (best in USDA zones 5-9), where it grows in forests and scrub habitats in deserts and mountains. The species was named by Asa Gray to honor botanist Charles Lewis Anderson. These shrubs can reach 6.5 feet tall and produce pink flowers. Fruits that follow are wildlife favorites.

Prunus angustifolia (Chickasaw Plum, Cherokee Plum, Florida Sand Plum, Sandhill Plum, Sand Plum)
This North American species of Plum has narrow leaves and reaches between 12 and 20 feet tall when mature. Bark is scaly and dark, almost black. Flowers are white and bloom from March through May. Fruits are quite sour until they fully ripen in late summertime. They require 150 to 300 chill hours to produce and can form dense thickets through root suckers and re-seeding, but are not officially considered invasive.

Prunus armeniaca (Apricot, Armenian Plum, Ansu Apricot, Siberian Apricot, Tibetan Apricot)
This is the most commonly cultivated Apricot species, and is native to Central Asia, Northern and Central China, and Mongolia (naturalized in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean). It grows well in USDA hardiness zones 4-9. It is widely grown for its fruits, requiring between 200 and 900 or more chill hours to break dormancy and fruit properly. Trees reach between 26 and 39 feet tall when mature, and have a dense, spreading canopy. Flowers are white to pinkish, and fruits look similar to small peaches, with yellow to orange skins that tinge red on the sunny side. Flesh is succulent and has a sweet to tart flavor. Cultivars include 'Blenheim' (400-500 CH), 'Harcot' (pictured; 700 CH), 'Goldcot' (self-pollinating), 'Tilton' (fruits good for canning), 'Moorpark' (large, heirloom fruits with orange flesh), and 'Chinese' (highly self-fertile and adaptable).

Prunus cerasifera (Cherry Plum, Myrobalan Plum, Purple-Leaf Plum, Flowering Plum)
These trees are native to southeastern Europe and western Asia, and are suited for USDA hardiness zones 4-9. In their native habitat, these plants form large shrubs or small trees that reach between 25 and 40 feet tall when mature. White to pink flowers bloom in springtime and are followed by edible yellow-red fruits in July to mid-September. 300 to 600 chill hours are required to break dormancy. These trees are commonly used as rootstock for other species in the genus, and there are many cultivars, including 'Atropurpurea' (with purple foliage), 'Nigra' (with black foliage and pink flowers), and 'Thundercloud' (bright red foliage that darkens to purple.) This species is considered invasive along the West Coast, Eastern and Northeastern regions of the United States, Australia and the United Kingdom.

Prunus davidiana (Amygdalus davidiana, Persica davidiana, Prunus persica davidiana) (David's Peach, Chinese Wild Peach)
This species is native to China, where it grows in thickets and forested areas. It is resistant to pests and diseases and has a great frost tolerance, growing well in USDA hardiness zones 4-8. These plants reach 30 feet tall and just as wide. Leaves are dark green and flowers are white to pale pink, blooming in late winter and early spring. Fruits are yellow, furry and edible. Requires between 750 and 800 CH to break dormancy.

Prunus domestica (European Plum, Plum, Greengage, Damson, Mirabelle Plum, Prune)
This species includes many varieties of the fruit trees known as Plums. They grow well in USDA hardiness zones 4-9, and form large shrubs or small trees that is somewhat thorny. White flowers bloom in early springtime and fruits are spherical to oval and usually sweet (some are sour). Most commercially sold prunes are made from these fruits. Trees reach up to between 10 and 39 feet tall when mature with a canopy spread of 8 to 32 feet. Cultivars include 'Blue Rock', 'Blue Tit', 'Czar', 'Imperial Gage', 'Jefferson', 'Mallard', 'Opal', 'Oullin's Gage', 'Pershore', and 'Victoria'. Most require between 500 and 1,000 or more chill hours to break winter dormancy.

Prunus eremophila (Mojave Desert Plum, Desert Plum)
This rare, critically imperiled species of Plum is native to California, and forms a bulky shrub with tangled, thorny branches. It grows well in USDA hardiness zone 9. It can reach over 6.5 feet tall when mature, and produces flowers between March and April. Plums are orange-rust colored to yellow, though these shrubs are considered wild and are not typically cultivated for their fruits.

Prunus fasciculata (Wild Almond, Desert Almond, Desert Peach)
This species forms a spiny, woody shrub that reaches up to 6.5 feet tall when mature and grows well in USDA hardiness zones 7-10. These plants produce wild Almond fruits, but are not commonly cultivated. They are native to western North America's desert regions, mainly in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, and are extremely drought tolerant.

Prunus fremontii (Desert Apricot)
This species forms a shrub or small tree, and is native to northern and western Baja California and adjacent areas in southern California. It is suited for USDA hardiness zones 8b-9b. At maturity, these plants reach 16 feet tall. Flowers are pink or white, and fruits are yellow and egg-shaped. The apricot fruits are edible but the pulp is dry and a bit unpalatable.

Prunus mandshurica (Manchurian Apricot, Scout Apricot, Northeastern Apricot, 东北杏, Gaesalgu Tree, Dog Apricot Tree, 개살구나무, Liaoning Apricot, 辽杏, )
This species reaches about 33 feet tall and has black bark. It grows well in USDA hardiness zones 3-7 and is native to China, Korea, and northeastern Asia. Flowers are pink and bloom in early springtime. Small fruits follow in late summertime, and are golden-yellow tinged red. In fall, leaves turn gold and orange before dropping. Cultivars include 'Mandan', 'Moongold', and 'Sungold'. These trees require between 600 and 900 chill hours to break dormancy.

Prunus maritima (Beach Plum)
This species is native to the East Coast of the United States and is a wild, deciduous edible plant with few pests and great salt and cold tolerances. It grows well in USDA hardiness zones 3-8. The species is commercially cultivated for its fruit, which is sweet (with some sour or bitterness in some individual bushes). Blackish fruits are ripe in August and early September. They require between 800 and 1,000 CH to break dormancy and set fruit well. Cultivars include 'Eastham', 'Hancock', and 'Squibnocket'.

Prunus mexicana (Mexican Plum, Inch Plum, Bigtree Plum)
This species forms a single trunked small tree with an open crown that reaches between 15 and 38 feet tall when mature. Leaves are dark green and flowers are pale pink. Bark is dark grey, and banded with horizontal lenticels. Fruits are dark red to purple and ripen late in fall in the plant's native range in the central United States and Northern Mexico. They have a flavor that is compared to a blend of Plum, Peach and Apricot. These trees are suited for growing in USDA hardiness zones 6-9 and require approximately 350 to 400 CH to break dormancy.

Prunus mira (Smooth Stone Peach, Smooth-Pit Peach, Tibetan Peach, Behmi, Behimu, Tirul, Kangbu, Kham Bu, Chulli, Guang he Tao, Maotao)
This species is native to the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau, and is suited for USDA hardiness zones 5-8. It reaches 26 and 40 feet tall when mature. Flowers are pinkish-white and fruits have white flesh. Stones in the middle of fruits are smooth. These are sometimes cultivated for fruit, which is often pickled. They need between 700 and 1,000 or more hours of chill to fruit well. Rootstock is used to graft Almond and Peach trees with dwarfing and resistance qualities.

Prunus mume (Chinese Plum, Japanese Plum, Japanese Apricot, Plum Blossom, Ume, Mei, 梅, Meihua, 梅花)
This species is native to southern China in the Yangtze River area and is suited for growing in USDA hardiness zones 6-9. It is commonly cultivated both for its ornamental qualities as well as its fruit. Flowers are strongly fragrant and can be white, pink or red. They bloom starting in the middle of winter, and produce fruits that are ripe in early June and July in East Asia. Skin is yellow, sometimes blushed with red. They require between 400 and 800 chill hours to set a good crop.

Prunus pedunculata (Amygdalus pedunculata) (Long-Peduncled Almond, Longstalk Almond, 长梗扁桃)
This species is native to China, Mongolia and Siberia and forms a small bush that reaches between 3 and 6.5 feet tall when mature. These shrubs are well adapted to cold climates, and produce pink flowers. They grow well in USDA hardiness zones 4-8 and typically produce multiple trunks. They are not commonly cultivated for their fruits, and are mainly grown as ornamentals or regarded as wild shrubs.

Prunus salicina (Sumomo, Japanese Plum, Chinese Plum, Willow-Leaf Cherry, Asian Plum, Ameixa, Ameixa-Japonesa)
This deciduous tree is native to China, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia. These trees reach up to between 30 and 40 feet tall when mature, and has purple-brown to reddish branches and green foliage. Flowers are white and fruits are yellow or red with yellow-pink flesh. Japanese Plum grows well in USDA hardiness zones 5-9 and require between 150 and 600 CH to produce fruits. This species is considered mildly invasive in southeast Australia and Hawai'i.

Prunus sibirica (Siberian Apricot, Shān Xìng, 山杏)
Native to China, Korea, Mongolia, and eastern Siberia, this species is rarely cultivated for its fruit and is more commonly used as a garden ornamental. Flowers are white with pink veining, and fruits mature in early to mid-summer and are yellow to orange-red. Siberian Apricot trees grow well in USDA hardiness zones 3-8 and require 600 to 900 or more chill hours to set a good crop of fruit.

Prunus simonii (Apricot Plum, Simon Plum, Xìnglǐ, 杏李)
This species, native to north-central China, forms a small tree that reaches up to 20 feet tall and produces flowers with very little pollen. Flattened fruits vary in quality from pleasant-tasting to bitter. Fruit is deep red to brick red in color, and is particularly aromatic. This species does not produce large harvests and requires between 400 and 500 chill hours to break dormancy. It is suited for USDA hardiness zones 5-8.

Prunus spinosa (Blackthorn, Sloe, Black Thorn Plum, Hēi Cì Lǐ, 黑刺李, Sloe Berry)
This species is native to Europe, western Asia, and northwestern Africa and is suited for USDA hardiness zones 4-8. Fruits from these trees are used to make Sloe Gin. Plants are shrubs or small trees and reach 16 feet tall with blackish bark. Flowers are creamy white and fruits are black to purplish and have a waxy bloom. They ripen in October to November in their native range and trees require between 800 and 900 CH to set a good crop. This species is considered invasive in Oregon (United States), New Zealand, Tasmania, and regions of eastern North America.

Prunus tenella (Dwarf Russian Almond, Russian Almond)
These shrubs are native to steppe environments in Eastern Europe and Western Siberia, as well as arid, open landscapes in the Caucasus and western and central Asia. They are suited for USDA hardiness zones 2-7 and have exceptional tolerance to freezing cold winters. When mature, shrubs reach about 5 feet tall and are great ornamental plants for cold temperate regions. Variety 'Fire Hill' (pictured) is a popular cultivar with red blooms. Fruits are small and resemble miniature Almonds.

Prunus texana (Texas Almond Cherry, Texas Peachbrush, Sand Plum, Peach Bush, Duraznillo, Wild Peach, Texas Beachplum)
This species forms a bushy shrub to 3.5 feet tall and is native to central and western Texas. It grows well in USDA hardiness zones 8 and 9. Flowers are white to pink and fruits are yellow to greenish yellow. Green foliage is stiff with finely toothed margins. Popularly grown cultivars include 'Bolen', 'Gephart', 'Johnson' and 'Stuart'. These trees require 100 to 300 chill hours to produce a crop.

Caring for Prunus

Take care when planting these trees in the landscape, as the seed in the center of the stone (or pit) is is poisonous in most species. Some species have thorns, as well, that can puncture skin and clothing. Certain prunus species (for example, Prunus serotina, Prunus virginiana, Prunus padus and Prunus americana) can aggressively sucker and spread through invasive root systems in the garden. Before planting these species, consider installing an 18 to 24-inch deep root barrier around the planting area, leaving 1-2 inches of barrier above the soil to prevent roots from jumping over. Prunus trees can be cultivated as either ornamental or fruit-bearing trees and shrubs, and have varying care instructions depending on their intended use. Most appreciate a sunny spot in the landscape; these trees will flower more profusely in full sun (at least 6-8 hours of direct sun exposure each day), though some (such as ornamental cherries) can tolerate partial shade. Check the species descriptions above for sun exposure requirements.

Soil should be slightly acidic to neutral, with a pH of between 6.0 and 7.0. Substrate should be fertile and well-draining. If local soils are poor, clayey, or do not drain well, the planting site will need to be amended with plenty of organic material and/or sand before installing trees. Space trees between 10 and 25 feet apart for best airflow. Apply a thick layer of mulch around the base of trees and shrubs to increase soil moisture retention, suppress weed growth, and regulate soil temperature. Young or newly installed trees and shrubs should be watered regularly to help them establish a strong root system able to withstand periods of drought. Ensure that soil is not becoming waterlogged. Once established, most Prunus species are relatively drought-tolerant if they are otherwise healthy and grown in a suitable climate. Deep water trees during extended dry spells. To maximize fruit size and quality, provide consistent moisture aiming for about an inch of water per week during their active blooming and fruiting seasons. Overwatering during this critical time can lead to fruit split.

Fertilize yearly in early springtime with an application of 2 inches of compost around the base of trees and shrubs. Pull mulch back before applying, work the compost gently into the soil a bit, water it in, and then replace mulch. It is a best practice to prune in mid to late summertime during dry weather (never in late fall, winter or spring) to prevent fatal fungal and bacterial diseases. At this time, remove dead, damaged, diseased, or crossing branches and open up the canopy a bit to increase air flow. Remove any suckers that are produced from the rootstock, as they will pull energy and resources away from the grafted tree. To increase fruit production and ease of harvesting, shorten the previous year's growth by one third to one half just above an outward-facing bud. This will encourage strong, fruit bearing wood closer to reach. During fruiting, check regularly and remove any fruits that have become mummified or fall from the tree. If any fruit or plant parts look diseased at the time of removal, do not compost them. Prunus trees are long-lived, and can survive in the landscape for decades to centuries, depending on how they are cared for, what their purpose is, and what species is grown.

Caring for Prunus in Containers
Prunus trees and shrubs do very well in the ground, but some species can also be grown in containers. There are many naturally compact and artificially bred dwarf Prunus trees, including Prunus dulcis 'Garden Prince', Prunus persica 'Pix Zee', 'El Dorado', or 'Bonfire', Prunus triloba 'Alba Plena' or 'Rosea Plena', Prunus cerasus 'North Star', 'Meteor', or 'Morello', Prunus x eminens 'Umbraculifera', Prunus incisa 'Kojo-no-mai' or 'ZuZu', Prunus laurocerasus 'Otto Luyken' or 'Schipakaensis', Prunus glandulosa 'Sinensis' or 'Alboplena', Prunus prostrata, Prunus armeniaca 'Gold Kist', 'Katy', or 'Goldcot', Prunus cerasifera 'Purple Pony' or 'Thundercloud', Prunus domestica 'Victoria' or 'Green Gage', Prunus x subhirtella 'Snow Fountains' and Prunus tenella 'Fire Hill'. Choose a container that is at least a few inches wider and deeper than the nursery pot or root ball. Eventually, these plants will need a heavy terra cotta or stone container that is at least 15 to 20 gallons (18 to 20 inches wide) to accommodate the root ball and prevent tipping in wind. Ensure that the pot has adequate drainage holes on the bottom to allow for excess water to flow away from the root zone. Fill with a well-draining potting mix amended with organic material and perlite, and top with a layer of mulch to suppress weed growth, maintain consistent soil temperatures, and to increase soil moisture retention. Place the pot in a space that receives full sun to partial shade, depending on the species cultivated. It is helpful to situate the container itself in shade to help conserve soil moisture.

Water regularly as the plant establishes itself in the container. Once established, waterings can be lessened. Prunus trees and shrubs grown in containers will need more frequent irrigation than those grown in the ground, especially if they are producing fruit. As a general rule of thumb, water whenever the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch in spring and summertime. Every few years, check the bottom of the pot to ensure that the plant is not outgrowing its root space. If roots are growing through the drainage holes in the bottom of the container or if soil has settled to over 4 inches below the container edge, it is a good indication that it needs to be repotted; choose a slightly larger container and repot or simply add more soil in the case of settling and repot in the same container. The life span of Prunus trees grown in containers is generally between 5 and 15 years.

Harvesting Prunus
Prunus trees are very common in backyard orchards; the most common species cultivated for their fruits are Prunus dulcis (Almond), Prunus cerasus (Sour Cherry), Prunus domestica (Plum), Prunus salicina (Japanese Plum), Prunus armeniaca (Apricot), Prunus persica (Peach), and Prunus avium (Sweet Cherry). Most are hand-picked from trees and shrubs, though in larger or commercial orchards, trees of some species are mechanically shaken. For Prunus plants to produce flowers and subsequent fruits, they must undergo a required number of chill hours (abbreviated CH); make sure to grow a species or cultivar that is suited for the number of chill hours that your unique climate provides. Most are harvested from late spring through early fall in the Northern Hemisphere. When fruits are ripe, they have attained a deep mature color, have a slight softness, and separate easily from their attachment to the branch. The fruit of many species will also be fragrant. Fruits can be harvested just before they are fully mature and stored stem-side down on the counter in a cool, dark area for up to a week to ripen. Keep fruits unwashed until ready to consume or use. Fresh fruits can be stored in the refrigerator for 3 to 5 days once washed.

Disclaimer: Information contained on this website is strictly and categorically intended as a reference to be used in conjunction with experts in your area. Foraging and consumption of plant parts should never begin without the guidance and approval of a local plant specialist. The providers of this website accept no liability for the use or misuse of information contained in this website.

Propagation

Prunus spp. trees can be propagated either by using cuttings or from seed. To ensure that your propagated plant will have the exact same qualities and characteristics as the parent plant, use the cutting method. If you would like to experiment and see what plant you can grow from seed, just keep in mind that it will not necessarily be the same as the parent plant. To propagate your Prunus tree or shrub, follow the instructions below:

Propagating Prunus by Cutting

Gather your materials. You'll need a clean, sanitized, sharp pair of garden shears, rooting hormone, a pencil, and a 3-inch pot filled with well-draining compost or other organic material. A good substrate for propagation of cuttings is a light blend of 1/3 pasteurized soil or compost, 1/3 sand, vermiculite or perlite, and 1/3 coconut coir or peat moss.
In spring or early summertime, choose the plant that you'd like to propagate. Ensure that this plant has had a good watering the night before, as this will improve the chances your cutting will take root. Cut one or more 4-8 inch semi-hardwood portion(s) of the end of a non-blooming branch and strip the leaves off of the lower half. Make a hole in your planting medium by pushing your pencil into the soil. Dip the end of the stem in rooting hormone, and plant it in your pot. Fill in soil around the cutting to support it, but do not pack it down too much.
Moisten with water, and ensure that the pot has good drainage. Your pot should be kept in warm, sunny conditions indoors (and not in direct sunlight). Water whenever your soil is dry under the top layer. After about four to six weeks have passed, your cutting should be rooted. When you notice new growth, you'll know you have roots.
Keep your new plant in an area with bright light (though not direct sunlight) and temperatures between 55 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit. Ensure that the soil stays moist, but not wet, until the next spring, when you can transplant it to its new home. Ensure that the last frost of the year has occurred before doing this, as it can seriously damage your new shrub.

Propagating Prunus by Seed

Keep in mind that the plant you get from seed will not necessarily mimic all of the characteristics of the parent plant, especially if seed is from a hybrid cultivar. To propagate by seed, you will need a pot or tray filled with well-draining compost or other organic material, a spray bottle and a fork. The best potting medium for seed germination is a light blend of 1/3 pasteurized soil or compost, 1/3 sand, vermiculite or perlite, and 1/3 coconut coir or peat moss.
Harvest your seeds. They are contained inside of the fruits produced by trees, and are typically ready for harvesting in late June or July. Remove seeds from the interior of the fruit, and gently rinse off any remaining flesh.
Seeds will need a period of cold-stratification before planting. To complete this process, fill a plastic bag or other sealable container with moistened peat moss or sand, and place the seeds in the substrate. Place the container or bag in the refrigerator, and leave for between 6 and 10 weeks' time. This will mimic the winter conditions that these seeds are naturally accustomed to and will jumpstart the germination process.
Water your prepared seed tray or pot filled with soil, and ensure that good drainage is occurring. Place your seeds in your prepared pot or seed tray about a quarter inch to a half-inch under the soil surface. Cover them with soil and water with your spray bottle. Place your tray of seeds in a warm area that receives bright, indirect light. A greenhouse is the most ideal climate, but a planting tray inside a window will do as well. Germination usually takes 7-14 days from sowing. Once you begin to see seedlings sprout and they are able to be handled, transplant them to their own individual 3-inch pots, filled with the same potting medium as described in Step 1. Loosen the seedlings from the potting medium by digging down with the tines of your fork about an inch and a half, gently working the seedling up until it is out. Then, replant the seedling in its individual pot.
Keep the seedling's potting medium moist, but not wet, by spraying the soil with your spray bottle. Keep your new plant in an area with bright light (though not direct sunlight) and temperatures between 55 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit. Ensure that the soil stays moist, but not wet, until the next spring (after the danger of frost has passed), when you can transplant it to its new home.

Prunus trees produce fruits that have thin, sometimes fuzzy skin, and contain a single central pit.

Pits (pyrenas) can be smooth or furrowed, depending on the species. One seed is enclosed inside each pit, and is released in the wild through animal digestion, natural rotting, or weathering.

Problems and Pests

Certain Prunus species are considered invasive in some regions; see the species descriptions above for more information. Check with local authorities before planting. Prunus plants are susceptible to developing issues with the following pests and diseases: